In this paper we report on the histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the inner ear caused by experimental aural barotrauma in 40 guinea pigs. The experimental results showed that the cochlea can be damaged by both rapidly increasing and decreasing pressure and the Corti’s organ in the basal and second turn will be damaged more markedly than those in the subsequent turns. The main histopathological findings of the inner ear barotrauma can be summarized as follows: 1) Hemorrhage in the cochlear spaces; 2) rupture of the membranous structures of the cochlea and the round window; 3) formation of air bubbles in the perilymphatic spaces; 4) degeneration and necrocytosis of the Corti’s organ and spiral ganglion cellls; 5) derangement, fusion, break-off and/or disappearance of the cochlear sensory hairs. These findings may provide the histopathological basis for clinical study of the inner ear barotrauma. The aim of the present paper is to make preliminary investigations into its underlying mechanism.
Myocardial perfusion contrast two-dimentional echocardiography (2-DE) is a new method for determining the extent of experimental myocardial ischemia and infarction. 172 aortic root injections of a fresh mixture of 1 ml of 0.75 % hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and blood, and 75 pulmonary wedge injections of 1 ml of 3 % H2O2 were given to 24 open-chest dogs before and after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and four short-axis and long-axis views of the left ventricle were examined. 164 (95%) aortic root injections and 30 (40 %P< 0.05) pulmonary wedge injections showed homogeneous echocardiographic contrast intensification of normal myocardium before ligation of LAD and distinctly delineated echocardiographic contrast defect after ligation of LAD. When compared with aortic root injection, H2O2 pulmonary wedge injection has the adventage of less invasiveness and remains to be further studied.
The ECG and transmembrane action potentials of the ventricular cells of 12 mongrel dogs at various heart rates under pentobarbital anesthesia and spontaneous breathing were simultaneously recorded. After statistical analysis of the records of 139 units, quantitative relationship between action potential durations (APDs) and heart rate, between QT intervals and heart rate, and between APD90 and QT interval were recognized and regression equations were worked out by linear regression. The regression coefficients indicated that the relationship between APD90, APD50, QT interval and heart rate and that between APD90 and QT interval were highly significant. In order to eliminate the effect of heart rate on APDs and QT interval, the correction formulas for heart rate on APDs and QT interval were worked out. After correction, the effect of heart rate on APDs and QT interval could be eliminated. This paper presents a practical method for the study of the effect of different agents on the APDs of ventricular cells and QT interval under spontaneous breathing.
A porous ceramic coating has been developed and its potential application as a means of skeletal fixation by bony ingrowth into the porous ceramic coating has been studied. Furthermore, a study of the physicochemical characteristics of the porous ceramic was carried out and a histological and mechanical evaluation of the implant interface made. Consistent bony ingrowth towards the implants was observed for a long time. A new type of hip prosthesis with porous ceramic coating, as well as the operative techniques and clinical results are presented
The effect of some medicaments used intraperitoneally on postoperative adhesion after “appendectomy” was studied in experiments with 318 rats and 37 rabbits. Solutions of physiological saline, chymotrypsin, urokinase, Angelica sinensis, potassium fluoro-alkylether sulfonate (F-53) and liquid paraffin were used for injection respectively in the first part of this study, and further research on F-53 was conducted in its second part. The animals in the F-53 group and chymotrypsin group yielded the highest non-adhesion rate and lowest incidence of serious adhesions, as compared with those in the control and other groups with their differences being statistically significant. The anti-adhesion effect of F-53 was definitely demonstrated in the 2nd part of the study. No toxic effects of F-53 on important organs were revealed by histopathological examination. F-53, a surfactant, when applied intraabdominally, can form a thin adsorbent film on the surface of the peritoneum, and this might be the mechanism of its anti-adhesion effect.
Based on the successs of atypical partial splenectomy in canines, the same procedure was carried out in 39 patients with traumatic injury of spleen. Our preliminary experience, expertise of operation and possibility of regeneration of conserved splenic mass were discussed in this paper.
We used radioimmunoassay to detect platelet-associated IgG and also observed with the electron microscope the interaction between normal mononuclear cells and platelets from ITP children as well as the effect of SPA treatment on the interaction. It was confirmed that ITP was related to the increase of platelet-associated IgG and that platelet-associated IgG did exist on ITP platelets. It was also made clear preliminarily that platelet-associated IgG was bound to ITP platelets mainly through its Fa b terminus with its Fc fragment exposed freely.
66 patients with dermatophytosis and superficial cutaneous candidiasis have been treated with Ciclopirox Olamine (Batrafen) Cream with a cure rate of 82%. The tinea corporis and cruris responded to Ciclopirox Olamine better than tinea manus and pedis. Itching of most patients disappeared after one week treatment. Eruptions in most patients suffering from tinea corporis and cruris began fading at the end of the first week treatment. Patients with tinea manus and pedis showed clinical improvement in eruption from second to third week after treatment. 11 cases experienced different side effects such as dermatitis, folliculitis and disseminating eczema, but none of them was severe enough to necessitate withdrawal of the treatment. Folloculitis needed anti-inflammatory and antiallergic medication and subsided first to fifth week after discontinuation of the drug. No systemic reaction was noted. 20 % of patients were found to have relapse at second and fourth week follow-up after withdrawal of the drug.
Ultrafiltration as a means to control hematocrit and blood volume during cardiopulmonary bypass was evaluated in two groups of 15 mongrel dogs. In both groups, the fluid input and urinary output were similar (P> 0.20). The amount of filtrate ranged from 950 to 2600 ml (mean 1740.0±426.5 ml), and resulted in an average intraoperative fluid balance of +424.9±131.4 ml. In the control group the fluid balance was +2693.6±222.4 ml, more than in the Ultrafiltration group (P< 0.00l). The mean hematocrit and hemoglobin before ultrafiltration amounted to 13.22% and 4.96g% respectively, whereas after ultrafiltration the variables increased to 23.33g% and 8.28g% respectively (P< 0.00l). Our results suggest that ultrafiltration is a relatively simple, safe and effective method of hemoconcentration during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Endotoxin has been shown to deteriorate autoregulation of Wood flow in liver, kidney and splanchnic organs. Despite frequently observed early changes in mental status in septic patients, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) has not been studied during the initial phase of endotoxemia. In 10 barnraised pigs, hyperdynamic endotoxemia was induced by continuous i.v. infusion of S. abortus equi endotoxin (total dose 13 μg/kg). A fall in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was prevented by controlled infusion of Dextran 60. Arterial PCO2 was maintained at 40 mmHg by adapting the tidal volume of the respirator. Central hemodynamics, ventilatory parameters and rCBF (quantified by means of radioactively labeled microspheres ø15 μm) were measured before and 30, 90 and 150 min after endotoxemia. Furthermore, the concentration of endotoxin in the plasma was quantified using chromogenic substrate (Limulus A moebocyte Lysate Test). Despite a significant drop in mean aortic pressure from 128 to 78 mmHg within 90 min of endotoxemia, the blood flow in cerebral cortex, medulla, nucleus caudatus, brain stem lamina quadrigemina and cerebellum remained within the control range. rCBF was independent of the actual concentration of endotoxin in the plasma. In contrast, deterioration of microcirculatory perfusion was observed in myocardium and kidney. We are led to conclude that the autoregulation of rCBF is maintained during the initial phase of endotoxemia. The results of the present study suggest that brain vessels respond differently to endotoxin or endotoxin-released mediators from visceral vessels.
Not only is surgery a better therapy for intractable seizures, but it may also open up the possibilities of further revealing the mysteries of epilepsy by pathologic observation. The present study covered 50 cases of drug-resistant seizures due to brain tumors verified ty operation. Apart from the morphological changes directly related to brain tumors, there appeared to be some additional pathologic features, which could be grouped under four heads, i.e., cortical architectural and neuronal abnormalities, large malformations, pathologic changes in or adjacent to the tumor tissue, and other abnormalities. In the present paper the questions as to the pathogenesis of seizures [and the origin of tumors are discussed. The results of our study suggest that the coexistence of neoplastic transformation and histo-architectural abnormalities might be a morphologic feature in cases of brain gliomas associated with seizures.
Lymphocytes of mothers and their newborn infants were treated with varying concentrations of diethylstilbestrol (10−6M, 10−5 M and 10−4M) and mitomycin C (0.003, 0.009 and 0.03 μg/ml), and the incidence of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was determined. The results showed that the spontaneous SCE rate in the newborn is less than that of their mothers. A dose-related increase in SCEs was oberserved in cells exposed to the alkylating chemical mitomycin C, while increases in SCEs were not noted in cultures exposed to diethylstilbestrol. No different susceptibilities of lymphocytes from mothers and newborns to the chemical induction were observed.