Based on the intrinsic disturbance wave (IDW) proposed by the author, a new type of flowmeter with differentiator and modified airway closing polygraph with indices of volume, moment flowrate, mean flowrate and time was designed. The results of individual (321 determinations in 7 cases) and population studies (clinical examinations of 370 cases) indicated that a correlation existed between the inflection point of intrinsic disturbance wave (IP-IDW) and pulmonary position with three regular patterns at volume axis near the end of expiration:
| 1. | Correlation with flowrate. If flowrate was defined between 0.3–0.5 1/s, definite IP was shown at the point when the mean flowrate ranged from more than 0.3 1/s to less than 0.3 1/s and the moment flowrate was 0.3 1/s in every examined case. From the data mentioned above CPV/VC % could be calculated. |
| 2. | Correlation with age. |
| 3. | Correlation with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study also demonstrated that significant differences were found between the group of normal subjects, the groups of patients with chronic bronchitis, emphysema and chronic pulmonary heart disease and the group of other patients. |
The effects of tetrandrine (Tet) and verapamil (Ver) on contractility and oxygen consumption were studied and compared in isolated guinea pig left atrial strips and cat papillary muscles. Both drugs diminished the Ca++-dependent contractile force and the oxygen consumption of electrically driven preparations. These effects were antagonized by increasing the extracellular Ca++ concentration.
Under the influence of increasing doses of Tet (52–210 μM) and Ver (0.72-2.9 μM) linear reduction of isometric tension and oxygen consumption due to mechanical activity was seen. With Tet 0.21 mM and Ver 2.9 μM the tension development and contractility-dependent oxygen consumption decreased greatly.
The results indicate that Tet, like Ver, is also an effective Ca++-antagonist.
Action potentials of left ventricular cells were recorded intracellularly with floating glass microelectrode in dogs under α-chloralose anesthesia and spontaneous breathing.
The action potential duration (APD90 and APD50) of left ventricular cells was significantly prolonged from 129.8 ms to 136.4 ms and from 93.8 ms to 98.4 ms respectively (P < 0.01 in both) during stimulation of both cervical vagi.
After intravenous injection of atropine (0.03 mg/kg), the APD90 and APD50 of the left ventricular cells were shortened significantly from 133.8 ms to 127.1 ms and from 102.4 ms to 101.6 ms respectively (P < 0.001 andP < 0.0l), indicating a tonic effect of vagus nerve on the electrical activity of left ventricular cells.
The significance and mechanism of the above-mentioned prolongation and shortening of APDs are discussed.
In 53 anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rabbits with bilateral vagotomy and section of sinus nerves, the effects of GABA and related drugs on respiratory performances induced by microinjection of the drugs into nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) were studied by recording phrenic nerve discharges. GABA significantly depressed respiratory output after injection, diazepam, a drug which potentiates GABAnergic transmission, produced the fame effect as GABA; GABA receptor antagonists, bicuculline methiodide and picrotoxin, augmented phrenic nerve discharges. Neither thyrotropin-releasing hormone nor methionine-enkephaline caused any change in the pattern of phrenic nerve discharges. The results suggest that central endogenous GABAnergic transmission system might be involved in inhibitory regulation of respiration in rabbits and that NTS is a possible acting site of GABAnergie system.
This experimental observation from 46 anesthetized open chest dogs suggested that cardiothermography is a reliable method for determining moment to moment charges in the extent of myocardial ischemia. Taking the extent of cold area in cardiothermography instantly following the 1st ligation of the left anterior descending artery as 100%, it was 59.63 % in T3 group (tetrandrine 3 mg/kg), 81.74 % in T5 group (tetrandrine 5 mg/kg), 100.7 % in propranolol group (propranolol 0.5 mg/kg), and 128 % in control group 30 min after treatment. The cold area detected by cardiothermography coincided with the results of epicardial mapping and TTC staining. The ischemic and infarct size evaluated by these 3 methods showed that tetrandrine had definite protective effects on myocardial ischemia with reduction of infarct size.
The manufacture and clinical application of XZY-1 model computer assisted ECG automatic diagnosis system and its hardware and software frames are described briefly in this paper. The results of 234 ECGs analysed by this system were as follows: (1) For the analysis of normal ECGs, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of this system were all over 95%. (2) For ventricular hypertrophy, bundle branch block and myocardial infarction, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were all over go%. (3) For the diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, low voltage and clockwise and counterclockwise rotation, the sensitivity was over 80 %, while the specificity and accuracy were over 90 %.
The results of the preliminary study showed that this system is of help in analyzing ECGs without complicated arrhythmia. It might be useful for health survey in a large population because of its capacity for storing a large amount of information and high speed of processing.
Impedance cardiography (ICG) was obtained in 112 normal subjects and 90 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) for assessing the clinical value of left ventricular function in patients with CAD. 17 cases with old myocardial infarction were examined by two-dimensional echocardiography (TDE) simultaneously. 12 parameters, including QZ/ZA2, QZI, PEP/LVET, HI, CI, SI, A wave, C wave, O wave, X-O interval, A/C and O/C, were measured in this study. The results of the normal group were essentially similar to those reported in the literature. The parameters measured in CAD patients were abnormal, with remarkable significance as compared with those of normal group (P < 0.01).
QZ/ZA2 is a new parameter proposed in the present study, which is closely correlated with PEP/LVET and QZI (r = 0.89, r=0.88), and also with EF and left ventricular wall motion index estimated by TDE (r=0.65, r = 0.77). It is easy to measure with remarkable accuracy.
Isovolumic contraction wave found in patients with myocardial infarction was considered to be due to asynergy of ventricular wall motion. The presence of C wave alternation and increase in A/C or O/C ratio may represent abnormal cardiac function.
We consider that ICG can be used for the assessment of left ventricular function in CAD patients.
The inducement of the hepatic microsomal enzymes in male rats following oral administration of tetrachlorvinphas (TCVP) for 7 days with the dosage of 150 mg/kg and the mechanism of its inducing effect were studied. It was confirmed that TCVP could enhance significantly the activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes, such as aniline hydroxylase, P-nitroanisole O-demethylase and uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase (UDP-GAT). Besides, it could also increase contents of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and microsomal protein. In rats it shortened pentobarbital sleeping time. These results demonstrated that repeated administration of TCVP might induce the activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes in rats. The inducing effect of TCVP could be blocked by DL-ethionine, an inhibitor of aminoacids. Furthermore, TCVP failed to increase enzymic activity in vitro. These findings suggested that the inducing effect of TCVP on the activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes could be explained by accelerating synthesis of microsomal protein.
In this study it was found that norethisterone oxime (NorO) could produce changes in some organelles of the ovarian corpora lutea in early pregnant rats including decrease in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of lipid droplets, swelling of Golgi bodies and increase in secondary lysosomes. NorO also depressed the activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the ovary, resulting in the obstruction of biological synthesis of steroid hormone in the ovary. It was found that the activity of acid phosphatase of the corpora lutea increased, which showed an increase in the membrane permeability of lysosomes and damage to the cells. Morphological changes unfavourable to implantation occurred in the endometrium of the early pregnant rats, such as, decrease in the transformation of stroma cells into decidual cells, degeneration and necrosis of the decidual cells. On the 4th day of pregnancy estrogenic effect could be detected in the endometrium of the rats. Further study should be made to determine whether this is due to the depression of progesterone level by NorO and thereafter less depression of the action of estrogen or due to the estrogenic activity of the drug itself.
| 1. | Experimental observations on three types of autotransplantation of spleen tissue into omental pouch are reported. Implanted slices and fragments of spleen could preserve certain function. Survival rate of transplants was 100 %. |
| 2. | Several factors influencing implant are discussed, such as optimal site for implantation, problem of removal of splenic capsule, volume of transplants, and spleen perfusion. Regenerated slices and fragments seen in a series of exploratory laparotomy and histologic changes are described. |
| 3. | We recommend that autotransplantation of splenic slices together with fragments and arrangement of slices in the form of U figure into the omental pouch created by folding be used clinically. The technique is simple, safe and free of complications. |
51 cases of gastric stump carcinoma were collected from 18 hospitals throughout China during the past 9.5 years. There were 47 males and 4 females, 41 cases (80.4 %) were over 50 years of age. The primary preceding diseases were: gastric ulcer 31, duodenal ulcer 17, and benign gastric lesion 3 cases. The types of previous operation were Billroth I in 29, Billroth I in 7, and not reported in 15 cases. The mean interval from the operation to the diagnosis of cancer was 13.8 years. 88 % of the present series had a definite diagnosis by fibergastroscopy and biopsy. The rest of the cases were diagnosed by postoperative pathologic examination. X-ray examination was positive in only 19 % of cases. The location of the cancer was at the anastomotic stoma in 45 %, in the body of stump in 36 %, and in the fundus in 19 %.
Local irritation following the anastomosis was considered as a possible cause of malignant transformation. Meticulous care in suturing and the proper use of absorbable suture material may help to reduce the development of this cancer.