The doctrine of the etiology of skin diseases is currently the least studied theoretically department of dermatology, full of vague, shaky hypotheses and deep contradictions, logically and inevitably arising from our insufficient acquaintance with the essence and nature of the anatomical and physiological connection of the skin with various organs of our body. Until recently, the view dominated in dermatology, according to which all diseases of the skin were interpreted as secondary processes, due mainly to the presence of a hypothetical harmful principle in the blood.

“Every pathologist has his own opinion regarding inflammation” (Aschoff). Such "modern uncertainty and disagreement on this issue, in essence, prove only that new points of view have revealed in front of us the insufficiency of our knowledge" (W. Gross).

Although the bites of venomous snakes found in Europe are far from so dangerous, cancer bites of a cobra, rattlesnake and other snakes found in India, Africa and America, nevertheless often (in 14%) and bites of our viper lead to death. If this is so, then the desire of researchers to find a correct remedy against poisoning with the poison of a viper that has got into the blood is understandable.

Thomas reports his experiments in treating cancer with an extract from the seeds of clover (trifolium pratense). The extract was injected intravenously or subcutaneously three times a week.

Haselhorst gives 2 cases of intestinal obstruction, caused in one case by figs, in the other by dried fruit. Depending on the type, quality, and quantity of food taken and the possibility of the formation of toxins, various degrees of ileus ъa can develop, according to the author, ranging from slight narrowing to severe.

Friedberger  holds the view that the causative agents of bacterial diseases can undoubtedly appear in two forms, in the form of bacteria and in an invisible, as well as unbroken, but sometimes filterable form, which can only be detected due to its pathogenic and antigenic action.

According to research Fahr in this disease, the inflammatory process primarily occurs in the glomeruli and only then spreads to the arterioles. Therefore, the opinion of Volhard, that the cause of glomerulonephritis lies in the primary spasm of small renal vessels, cannot be considered correct.

Faltitschek и Кrassо in a number of cases convinced that chromodiagnostics, in the form of intravenous administration of tetraiodophenolphthalein, is the correct way to judge the functional state of the liver.

As you know, Ephedra vulgaris ("Kuzmich's grass") has been widely used in the treatment of rheumatism. Nagai, in 1887, extracted the alkaloid ephedrine from it.

PA Volkov observed an interesting case of pulmonary tbc in a patient with long-standing (7 y.) Syphilis, where tbc proceeded in a benign form, with a predominance of the fibrous process, and where mercury-salvars therapy had a very beneficial effect not only on lues, but also on tbc.

Bayle, based on physiological, experimental and clinical observations. recommends treating tuberculosis with an extract from the spleen, in the form of a syrup — for oral administration or an aqueous solution — for subcutaneous injection.

Alexander, on the basis of his own and literary material, comes to the conclusion that the main cause of high mortality after paravertebral thoracoplasty in pulmonary tbc is postoperative pneumonia both on the operated and non-operated sides.

Based on the data of questionnaires collected among German surgeons, prof. Соlmеrs concludes that phrenicotomy with tbc of the lungs is not an independent operation acting on the process, but should only be a preliminary act before a more serious intervention.

Thus, Lars Edling, having material in 270 cases, received 73% of cures and 14.8% of improvements, that is, 87.8% of success; of the remaining 12.2% who did not give favorable results, 8.5% had a relapse, and only 3.7% ended in death.

Treatment of acute osteomyelitis was the programmatic theme of the XV Congress of Surgeons in Copenhagen on June 25-27, 1925. Speakers on this issue, Johanson and Schilling, generally agreed that radical removal of the affected bone marrow is the treatment of choice for acute osteomyelitis.

X-ray therapy of chronic arthritis, considered by Appelrath in the plane of the historical review leaves a very favorable impression: in many cases, a significant subjective improvement and increase in the range of motion of the joints is obtained.

To quickly find malarial plasmodia VG Budylin and VV Andreeva use a thick drop, which is stained with Methylenblau solution. The latter is prepared as follows: a 1% aqueous solution of Methylenblau is taken, a 1% aqueous solution of caustic soda is added to it in an amount of 0.025 jubes. with. for each cube of paint solution, the mixture is shaken for 1 / 2-1 min. and filtered.

MA Zausailov recommends treating malaria with large doses of iodine tincture. The latter is taken, starting with 5-10 drops. at the reception, 2 times a day, and with each new dose increasing the dose by 1 drop, until a single dose reaches 50 drops, and the daily dose reaches 100.

Under this name, the deviation of the hallux outward by 20 ° and more, Тоrster Sandelin examined 3200 feet, and found hallux valgus at the age of 3-6 years in 10% In 20-year-olds, in 37%, in 60-year-olds, in 60%, on average, in 30%.

Filling of bone cavities with plaster, made for the first time by Dreesman, gives, according to the direction of Ochlескеr, good results in ostitis fibrosa, chronic osteomyelitis and adanamantinoma. Ideally, the plaster will dissolve after playing the role of a temporary mechanical bone hardener.

An interesting view of the causal relationship between these two anomalies is expressed O. Beck in his report. Based on Virchow's research, observations by Ghaawitz and his own, Beck believes that facial asymmetry in caput obstipum musculare is caused by basilar depression of the base of the skull due to unilateral pressure of the atlas on the proc, condyloideus of the occipital bone. The latter causes a disorder of the growth of the base of the skull and, as a consequence, basilar kyphosis and scoliosis.

Perthes proposes to produce as follows: anesthesia, a tourniquet on the limb, a skin incision starting 3 transverse fingers above the knee cup along the midline of the thigh and arcuate towards the condylus externus, and from here— down to tuberositas tibiae.

The reason for the formation of pseudoarthrosis,  according to Zondek, lies in the violation of general or local metabolism.

This old and still sore question was subjected to a thorough examination by Tregubov, who showed on a large statistical material what a large percentage of the stumps are defective.

Subcutaneous insulin injections for chronic leg ulcers, Fаurе-Веаuliеu  and David. Explaining this effect, the authors rely on the fact that leg ulcers are often accompanied by hyperglycemia without diabetes.

Thanks to the work of American scientists (Duff, Allen and Cutler), the problem of surgical treatment of heart valve defects should be considered resolved.

A new method of parotid gland fistula closure is suggested by Hesse. First, an oval fistula is bordered with a small skin incision, the ends of which are supplemented with a 1—1¹/₂-centimeter incision. The direction of the incision depends on the position of the fistula, but more often the incision should be horizontal.

According to Dzialoszynski, carbon dioxide during inhalation causes strong irritation of the respiratory center and deep and frequent breathing. Due to a noticeable increase in respiratory activity, the inhaled drug is released from the body faster, the lungs are ventilated down to the smallest bronchi, and a secret is released that fills the respiratory tract.

Degenhardt in 48 cases successfully applied conduction anesthesia of the lumbar plexus according to Stchlesinger y during operations in the groin and pelvic regions and on the lower extremities, and for inguinal hernias he had to additionally anesthetize D12, and for operations in the pelvic region - n. ischiadicus.

Devine notes the difficulty of surgical treatment of old, callous ulcers on the posterior wall of the duodenum: resection of these ulcers is always difficult and dangerous, gastroenterostomy is often accompanied by their recurrence.

Pilocarpine in postoperative urinary retention, as shown by the clinical observations of Lampert'a, provides excellent services: already a single injection into a vein of a 1.01% solution of pilocarpine (maximum single dose 0.02 , pro die 0.05 pure pilocarpine), even after a 24-hour delay, gives spontaneous urination in 5-15 minutes.

Witter, on the basis of a study of 30 cases, comes to the conclusion that 1) postoperative leukocytosis reaches its inaximum a on the 4th hour after the operation and returns to normal on the 5th day , 2) its height is directly proportional to the duration of the operation and the degree of the surgical trauma, the other factors are not; are significant, 3) it is expressed mainly by polynucleosis, 4) its curve generally corresponds to the temperature curve, but not with complete accuracy.

According to Sauerbruch during operations in the thoracic cavity, the operator must be accurately aware of the reflex pathways coming from the chest cavity, and of reflex disorders that sometimes accompany intrathoracic interventions.

L. Müller reports on his new method of surgical treatment of myopia, which is the result of his research into the causes of myopia.

Bilirubin and indican in the blood of pregnant women were investigated by Eufinger. Bilirubin is formed not only in liver cells, but also in the entire reticuloendothelial system. The author investigated its content in the blood of 80 women using direct and indirect samples v. d. Bergh'a.

Hirsch based on 100 operated cases of pituitary tumors, distinguishes, in addition to the commonly mentioned forms, —acromegalic and pituitary obesity — the ocular form (la forme oculaire). This syndrome is characterized by visual disturbances without significant changes In patients, a decrease in visual acuity and a narrowing of the field of vision are found.

Vogel suggests the following reaction for the diagnosis of pregnancy: to 10 to. S. the standard solution is added 1.75 to. from. investigated blood serum of the patient and 0.2 to. from. 1% aqueous solution of ninhydrin, after which all this is boiled for 3 minutes in a water bath.

Studies on renal function during pregnancy were performed by Jamada on rabbits of the same weight (2.5 kg.) With a uniform diet. Urine was collected 1-3 times a day with a catheter and examined immediately.

The IX All-Union Congress of Therapists, which took place from 23 to 28 May in Moscow, was notable for its crowdedness — its total number of members reached 1250, of which 40-50% fell to the provinces. In 4 days at the sessions of the Congress, 131 reports were heard, and one session was joint with the Congress of Surgeons.