Single polarization photonic crystal fiber filter based on surface plasmon resonance

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristics. Gold nanowire is used as the active plasmonic material. Light into silica core becomes coupled to gold nanowire stimulating SPR. It splits light into two orthogonal (x-polarization and y-polarization) polarization in the second order of surface plasmon polarization. Numerical investigations of the proposed PCF filter is finite element method (FEM). By tuning the diameter of gold nanowire and shifting their position, the performance of the proposed PCF filter is inspected rigorously. Filtering of any polarization can be obtained by properly placing the metal wires. The maximum confinement loss of x-polarization is 692.25 dB/cm and y-polarization is 1.13 dB/cm offers at resonance position 1.42 µm. Such a confinement loss difference between two orthogonal polarizations makes PCF a talented candidate to filter devices. Consequently, the recommended PCF structure is useful for polarization device.

Keywords

photonic crystal fiber (PCF) / surface plasmon resonance (SPR) / perfectly match layer / polarization filter

References

[1] Chakma S, Khalek M A, Paul B K, Ahmed K, Hasan M R, Bahar A N.Gold-coated photonic crystal fiber biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance: design and analysis. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 2018, 18(4): 7–12

[2] Russell P S. Photonic-crystal fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2006, 24(12): 4729–4749

[3] Knight J C, Birks T A, Atkin D M, Russell P S. Pure silica single-mode fibre with hexagonal photonic crystal cladding. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference. San Jose: Optical Society of America, 1996, paper PD3

[4] Russell P. Photonic crystal fibers. Science, 2003, 299(5605): 358–362

[5] Zhang X, Wang R, Cox F M, Kuhlmey B T, Large M C J. Selective coating of holes in microstructured optical fiber and its application to in-fiber absorptive polarizers. Optics Express, 2007, 15(24): 16270–16278

[6] An G, Li S, Qin W, Zhang W, Fan Z, Bao Y. High-sensitivity refractive index sensor based on D-shaped photonic crystal fiber with rectangular lattice and nanoscale gold film. Plasmonics, 2014, 9(6): 1355–1360

[7] Chen H, Li S, Ma M, Li J, Fan Z, Shi M. Surface plasmon induced polarization filter based on Au wires and liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fibers. Plasmonics, 2016, 11(2): 459–464

[8] Lee H W, Schmidt M A, Tyagi H K, Sempere L P, Russell P S J. Polarization-dependent coupling to plasmon modes on submicron gold wire in photonic crystal fiber. Applied Physics Letters, 2008, 93(11): 111102

[9] An G, Li S, Zhang W, Fan Z, Bao Y. A polarization filter of gold-filled photonic crystal fiber with regular triangular and rectangular lattices. Optics Communications, 2014, 331: 316–319

[15] Schmidt M A, Sempere L P, Tyagi H K, Poulton C G, Russell P S J. Waveguiding and plasmon resonances in two-dimensional photonic lattices of gold and silver nanowires. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2008, 77(3): 033417

[16] Akowuah E K, Gorman T, Ademgil H, Haxha S, Robinson G K, Oliver J V. Numerical analysis of a photonic crystal fiber for biosensing applications. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2012, 48(11): 1403–1410

[12] Jorgenson R C, Yee S S. A fiber-optic chemical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance. Sensors and Actuators B, Chemical, 1993, 12(3): 213–220

[13] Nagasaki A, Saitoh K, Koshiba M. Polarization characteristics of photonic crystal fibers selectively filled with metal wires into cladding air holes. Optics Express, 2011, 19(4): 3799–3808

[14] Zi J, Li S, Chen H, Li J, Li H. Photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasmon polaritons. Plasmonics, 2016, 11(1): 65–69

[10] Zhang W, Li S G, An G W, Fan Z K, Bao Y J. Polarization filter characteristics of photonic crystal fibers with square lattice and selectively filled gold wires. Applied Optics, 2014, 53(11): 2441–2445

[11] Zhang X, Wang R, Cox F M, Kuhlmey B T, Large M C J. Selective coating of holes in microstructured optical fiber and its application to in-fiber absorptive polarizers. Optics Express, 2007, 15(24): 16270–16278

[17] Islam M I, Ahmed K, Asaduzzaman S, Paul B K, Bhuiyan T, Sen S, Islam M S, Chowdhury S. Design of single mode spiral photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing applications. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 2017, 13: 55–62

[18] Li P, Zhao J. Polarization-dependent coupling in gold-filled dual-core photonic crystal fibers. Optics Express, 2013, 21(5): 5232–5238

[19] Liu B, Lu Y, Yang X, Yao J. Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on photonic crystal fiber filled with core-shell Ag-Au nanocomposite materials. Optical Engineering (Redondo Beach, Calif.), 2016, 55(11): 117104

[20] Geng P, Zhang W, Gao S, Zhang S, Zhang H, Ruan J. Orthogonal single-polarization single-core photonic crystal fiber for wavelength splitting. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012, 24(15): 1304–1306

[21] Hassani A, Skorobogatiy M. Design criteria for microstructured-optical-fiber-based surface-plasmon-resonance sensors. JOSA B, 2007, 24(6): 1423–1429

[22] Wang G, Li S, An G, Wang X, Zhao Y. Design of a polarization filtering photonic crystal fiber with a big gold-coated air hole. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2016, 48(10): 457

[23] Zhou X, Li S, Cheng T, An G. Design of offset core photonic crystal fiber filter based on surface plasmon resonance. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2018, 50(3): 157

[24] Li H, Li S, Chen H, Li J, An G, Zi J. A polarization filter based on photonic crystal fiber with asymmetry around gold-coated holes. Plasmonics, 2016, 11(1): 103–108

[25] Li M, Peng L, Zhou G, Li B, Hou Z, Xia C. Design of photonic crystal fiber filter with narrow width and single-polarization based on surface plasmon resonance. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2017, 9(3): 1–8

[26] Xue J, Li S, Xiao Y, Qin W, Xin X, Zhu X. Polarization filter characters of the gold-coated and the liquid filled photonic crystal fiber based on surface plasmon resonance. Optics Express, 2013, 21(11): 13733–13740

[27] Fan Z, Li S, Chen H, Liu Q, Zhang W, An G, Li J, Bao Y. Numerical analysis of polarization filter characteristics of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber based on surface plasmon resonance. Plasmonics, 2015, 10(3): 675–680

[28] An G, Li S, Yan X, Yuan Z, Zhang X. High-birefringence photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance. Applied Optics, 2016, 55(6): 1262–1266

[29] Liu Q, Li S, Chen H. Two kinds of polarization filter based on photonic crystal fiber with nanoscale gold film. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2015, 7(1): 1–11

Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to those who participated in this research work. There is no financial support for this research work.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2018 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature