Application of ultra-sonication, acid precipitation and membrane filtration for co-recovery of protein and humic acid from sewage sludge
Liangliang WEI, Kun WANG, Xiangjuan KONG, Guangyi LIU, Shuang CUI, Qingliang ZHAO, Fuyi CUI
Application of ultra-sonication, acid precipitation and membrane filtration for co-recovery of protein and humic acid from sewage sludge
A novel method was applied to co-recover proteins and humic acid from the dewatered sewage sludge for liquid fertilizer and animal feed. The proteins in sewage sludge were first extracted using the processes of ultra-sonication and acid precipitation, and then the humic acid was recovered via membrane filtration. The extraction efficiency was 125.9 mg humic acid∙g−1VSS volatile suspended solids (VSS) and 123.9 mg proteins∙g−1 VSS at the optimal ultrasonic density of 1.5 W∙mL−1. FT-IR spectrum results indicated that the recovered proteins and humic acid showed similar chemical characteristic to the natural proteins and humic acid. The acidic solution (pH 2) could be recycled and used more than 10 times during the co-recovery processes. In addition, the dewatered sludge could be easily biodegraded when the humic acid and proteins are extracted, which was essential for further utilization. These findings are of great significance for recovering valuable nutrient from sewage sludge.
sewage sludge / co-recovery / proteins / humic acid / recycling / biodegradation rate
[1] |
Sheng G P, Yu H Q. Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances of aerobic and anaerobic sludge using three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. Water Research, 2006, 40(6): 1233–1239
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[2] |
Lin H J, Xie K, Mahendran B, Bagley D M, Leung K T, Liss S N, Liao B Q. Sludge properties and their effects on membrane fouling in submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (SAnMBRs). Water Research, 2009, 43(15): 3827–3837
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[3] |
Girones R, Ferrús M A, Alonso J L, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Calgua B, Corrêa A A, Hundesa A, Carratala A, Bofill-Mas S. Molecular detection of pathogens in water—The pros and cons of molecular techniques. Water Research, 2010, 44(15): 4325–4339
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[4] |
Petzet S, Peplinski B, Cornel P. On wet chemical phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash by acidic or alkaline leaching and an optimized combination of both. Water Research, 2012, 46(12): 3769–3780
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[5] |
Hwang J, Zhang L, Seo S, Lee Y W, Jahng D. Protein recovery from excess sludge for its use as animal feed. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(18): 8949–8954
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[6] |
Zhang P, Zhang G, Wang W. Ultrasonic treatment of biological sludge: floc disintegration, cell lysis and inactivation. Bioresource Technology, 2007, 98(1): 207–210
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[7] |
Wei L L, Wang K, Zhao Q L, Jiang J Q, Kong X J, Lee D J. Fractional, biodegradable and spectral characteristics of extracted and fractionated sludge extracellular polymeric substances. Water Research, 2012, 46(14): 4387–4396
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[8] |
Nielsen P H, Frølund B, Keiding K. Changes in the composition of extracellular polymeric substances in activated sludge during anaerobic storage. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1996, 44(6): 823–830
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[9] |
Wei L L, Zhao Q L, Hu K, Lee D J, Xie C M, Jiang J Q. Extracellular biological organic matters in sewage sludge during mesophilic digestion at reduced hydraulic retention time. Water Research, 2011, 45(3): 1472–1480
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[10] |
Ni B J, Zeng R J, Fang F, Xu J, Sheng G P, Yu H Q. A novel approach to evaluate the production kinetics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by activated sludge using weighted nonlinear least-squares analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009, 43(10): 3743–3750
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[11] |
Fonseca A C, Summers R S, Greenberg A R, Hernandez M T. Extra-cellular polysaccharides, soluble microbial products, and natural organic matter impact on nanofiltration membranes flux decline. Environmental Science & Technology, 2007, 41(7): 2491–2497
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[12] |
Monique R, Elisabeth G N, Etienne P, Dominique L. A high yield multi-method extraction protocol for protein quantification in activated sludge. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(16): 7464–7471
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[13] |
Jung J, Xing X H, Matsumoto K. Recoverability of protease released from disrupted excess sludge and its potential application to enhanced hydrolysis of proteins in wastewater. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2002, 10(1): 67–72
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[14] |
Adebayo O T, Fagbenro O A, Jegede T. Evaluation of Cassia fistula meal as a replacement for soybean meal in practical diets of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2004, 10(2): 99–104
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[15] |
Jiang J, Zhao Q, Wei L, Wang K, Lee D J. Degradation and characteristic changes of organic matter in sewage sludge using microbial fuel cell with ultrasound pretreatment. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(1): 272–277
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[16] |
Nakakubo T, Tokai A, Ohno K. Comparative assessment of technological systems for recycling sludge and food waste aimed at greenhouse gas emissions reduction and phosphorus recovery. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2012, 32: 157–172
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[17] |
Li H, Jin Y, Nie Y. Application of alkaline treatment for sludge decrement and humic acid recovery. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100(24): 6278–6283
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[18] |
Dignac M F, Urbain V, Rybacki D, Bruchet A, Snidaro D, Scribe P. Chemical description of extracellular polymers: implication on activated sludge floc structure. Water Science and Technology, 1998, 38(8-9): 45–53
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[19] |
Ni B J, Fang F, Xie W M, Xu J, Yu H Q. Formation of distinct soluble microbial products by activated sludge: kinetic analysis and quantitative determination. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(3): 1667–1674
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[20] |
Souza T S, Hencklein F A, Angelis D F, Gonçalves R A, Fontanetti C S. The Allium cepa bioassay to evaluate landfarming soil, before and after the addition of rice hulls to accelerate organic pollutants biodegradation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2009, 72(5): 1363–1368
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[21] |
Balba M T, Al-Awadhi N, Al-Daher R, Heitzer A. Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil: microbiological methods for feasibility assessment and field evaluation. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 1998, 32(2): 155–164
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[22] |
APHA. AWWA, WEF. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21th ed, APHA, Washington, DC, 2005
|
[23] |
Frølund B, Griebe T, Nielsen P H. Enzymatic activity in the activated-sludge floc matrix. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1995, 43(4): 755–761
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[24] |
Sahinkaya S. Disintegration of municipal waste activated sludge by simultaneous combination of acid and ultrasonic pretreatment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, available online <Date>April 18 2014</Date>:
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[25] |
Cheng J, Xia A, Su H B, Song W L, Zhou J H, Cen K F. Promotion of H2 production by microwave-assisted treatment of water hyacinth with dilute H2SO4 through combined dark fermentation and photofermentation. Energy Conversion and Management, 2013, 73: 329–334
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[26] |
Wang W, Luo Y X, Qiao W. Possible solutions for sludge dewatering in China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2010, 4(1): 102–107
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[27] |
Wang Z W, Wu Z C, Yin X, Tian L M. Membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) under subcritical flux operation: membrane foulant and gellayer characterization. Journal of Membrane Science, 2008, 325(1): 238–244
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[28] |
Wei L L, Zhao Q L, Xue S, Chang C C, Tang F, Liang G L, Jia T. Reduction of trihalomethane precursors of dissolved organic matter in the secondary effluent by advanced treatment processes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 169(1-3): 1012–1021
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[29] |
Pon-On W, Charoenphandhu N, Teerapornpuntakit J, Thongbunchoo J, Krishnamra N, Tang I M. Physicochemical and biochemical properties of iron-loaded silicon substituted hydroxyapatite (FeSiHAp). Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 141(2-3): 850–860
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[30] |
Maity J P, Kar S, Lin C M, Chen C Y, Chang Y F, Jean J S, Kulp T R. Identification and discrimination of bacteria using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2013, 116: 478–484
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[31] |
Filip Z, Herrmann S, Kubat J. FT-IR spectroscopic characteristics of differently cultivated Bacillus subtilis. Microbiological Research, 2004, 159(3): 257–262
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[32] |
Aiken G R. In: Aiken G R, MeKnight D M, Wershaw R L, McCarthy P, ed. Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment, and Water. New York: John Wiley, 1985: 363
|
[33] |
Selcuk H, Bekbolet M. Photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic humic acid removal and selectivity of TiO2 coated photoanode. Chemosphere, 2008, 73(5): 854–858
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
[34] |
Valdemar I, Marta O, Armando C. Comparative characterization of humic substances from the open ocean, estuarine water and fresh water. Organic Geochemistry, 2009, 40(9): 942–950
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[35] |
Wei L, Wang K, Zhao Q, Jiang J, Xie C, Qiu W. Organic matter extracted from activated sludge with ammonium hydroxide and its characterization. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 2010, 22(5): 641–647
CrossRef
Pubmed
Google scholar
|
/
〈 | 〉 |