Susceptibility of male and female Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to 2,4,6-trichlorophenol-induced micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes

Abstract

2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a widespread probable human carcinogen and has been proven to have genotoxicity in in vitro assays. However, little genotoxicity information and no micronuclei induction data for 2,4,6-TCP is available from in vivo tests, especially for sex-specific differences. Following a preliminary test, a piscine peripheral erythrocyte micronucleus assay was conducted on medaka (Oryzias latipes) after a 28-day exposure to 2,4,6-TCP. In the present study, the mean micronuclei (MNC) frequencies of all of the groups increased in a dose-dependent manner, which indicated the potential genotoxicity of 2,4,6-TCP. Moreover, males were found to be more susceptible compared with females after a 28-day exposure to 2,4,6-TCP in all of the dosed groups above 10 μg·L^-1. This is the first report on the potential of micronuclei induction and a sex-susceptible effect in the peripheral erythrocytes of mature fish after 2,4,6-TCP in vivo exposure.

Keywords

2,4,6-trichlorophenol / genotoxicity / Japanese medaka / piscine micronucleus test in peripheral erythrocytes / gender difference

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Environmental Protection National Commonwealth Research Project (No. 200909040), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20921063), and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2009DFA91920).

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