Synergistic Effects of Internal and External Magnetic Fields in Electrocatalysis

Abstract

Magnetic field regulation has become a unique non-contact strategy to enhance the performance of a variety of electrochemical reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Magnetic field regulation provides a unique path for efficiency improvement by selectively manipulating the reaction kinetics, changing the spin state, and optimizing the mass transfer process. This article comprehensively addresses the influence of the magnetic field on the electrocatalytic process at a fundamental level, emphasizing the operational principles of core mechanisms, including spin polarization, electronic structure modulation, and improved mass transfer. Additionally, it systematically differentiates the response laws of various catalyst types, including ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and antimagnetic, to magnetic stimulation. It establishes the correlation mechanism between their distinctive characteristics and catalytic performance, integrating experimental observations with theoretical simulations to emphasize recent advancements in the application of magnetic field regulation within specific reaction systems. In conclusion, considering the prevailing core challenges and developmental prospects in magnetoelectric catalysis, advancing in situ characterization technology, establishing a theoretical framework, and formulating a cooperative strategy involving magnetic fields and other external stimuli are crucial for the advancement of sustainable and efficient energy conversion systems.

Keywords

electrocatalysis / electronic structure / magnetic field modulation / spin polarization

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