Efficient Fully Stretchable Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Abstract

Stretchable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent a transformative platform for human–machine interfaces and wearable technologies but have long been constrained by inefficient electron injection. Wang Sihong and de Pablo Juan J.'s team addressed this challenge through the rational design of stretchable electron-transport polymers and liquid-metal-induced embrittled aluminum cathodes, achieving synergistic and highly efficient electron injection. This strategy overcomes the traditional trade-off between stretchability and electronic performance, achieving the first fully stretchable OLED with performance comparable to that of rigid OLED devices. Beyond its immediate applications in high-performance stretchable displays and electronic skins, this work establishes a generalizable design paradigm based on molecular-scale “function–mechanics decoupling” and interface engineering strategies that impart flexibility to conventional materials. These innovations provide a robust framework for advancing next-generation skin-like optoelectronic systems.

Keywords

electron injection / liquid metal embrittlement effects / stretchable electrodes / stretchable electron transport layers / stretchable organic light-emitting diodes

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RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2026 The Author(s). SmartMat published by Tianjin University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.