A double-layer aluminum consisting of an aluminum core and a shell of SiO₂ and polyacrylic acid was synthesized. This modified aluminum was used to improve the corrosion resistance and dispersive property of aluminum in waterborne media. TEM, FTIR, XPS, and EDX determination showed that PAA and SiO₂ were coated on the surface of aluminum. Evolved hydrogen detection showed that the corrosion resistance of composite particle had been markedly improved. Maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of SiO₂ coated aluminum (SiO₂@Al) was 95.1% while that of double-layer coated aluminum (PAA/SiO₂@Al) was 98.8%. Meanwhile, polyacrylic acid layer improved the agglomeration of aluminum significantly. According to the dispersibility test, the particle size of 50% volume fraction [d(0.5)] of aluminum, SiO₂@Al and PAA/SiO₂@Al were 42, 53, and 34 μm, respectively.

To extend the absorption capability of TiO₂ into visible light region and inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, we put forward an effective strategy of the coupling of TiO₂ with a suitable semiconductor that possesses a narrow band gap. Meanwhile, Ag₃PO₄-TiO₂ heterostructural nanotube arrays were prepared by the two-step anodic oxidation to obtain the TiO₂ nanotube arrays and then by a deposition-precipitation method to load Ag₃PO₄. The samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The experimental results showed that Ag₃PO₄ nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays, which increased the visible-light absorption of TiO₂ photocatalyst. The photocurrent density and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange indicated that the performance of Ag₃PO₄-TiO₂ heterostructural nanotube arrays was better than that of the TiO₂ nanotube arrays, which could be attributed to the effective electron-hole separation and the improved utilization of visible light.

Porous Fe-Si alloys with different nominal compositions ranging from Fe-10wt% Si to Fe-50wt% Si were fabricated through a reactive synthesis of Fe and Si elemental powder mixtures. The effects of Si contents on the pore structure of porous Fe-Si alloy were investigated in detail. The results showed that the open porosity, gas permeability and maximum pore size of the porous Fe-Si alloys increased with increasing Si contents, indicating that the porosity and pore size can be tailored by changing the Si contents. The pore structure parameter including the open porosity, gas permeability, maximum pore size obeyed the Hagen-Poiseuille formula with the constant G=0.035 m^-1Pa^-1s^-1 for the reactively synthesized porous Fe-Si alloys. The mechanical property of the porous Fe-Si alloys showed applicability in the filtration industries.

The growth habit of the basic magnesium oxysulfate whisker was investigated based on the theoretical model of anion coordination polyhedron growth units. It is found that typical basic magnesium oxysulfate whisker growth is consistent with anion tetrahedral coordination incorporation rules. The growth units of basic magnesium oxysulfate whiskers are [Mg-(OH)₄]²⁻ and HSO₄ ⁻. [Mg-(OH)₄]²⁻ is the favorable growth unit and whisker growth is in the direction of the [Mg-(OH)₄]²⁻ combination. A plurality of [Mg-(OH)₄]²⁻ s combine and become a larger dimensional growth unit in a one-dimensional direction. Then HSO₄ ⁻ and larger dimensional growth units connect as basic magnesium sulfate whiskers, according to the structural characteristics of the basic magnesium sulfate whisker, which can guide the synthesis of magnesium hydroxide whisker.

A composite material (Fe₃O₄/Coke) using coke supported Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles was successfully prepared via an in-situ chemical oxidation precipitation method and characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman, and FTIR. The results showed that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles existed steadily on the surface of coke, with better dispersing and smaller particle size. The catalytic ability of Fe₃O₄/Coke were investigatied by degrading p-nitrophenol (P-NP). The results showed that the apparent rate constant for the P-NP at 1.0 g·L⁻¹ catalyst, 30 mmol·L⁻¹ H₂O₂, pH=3.0, 30 °C and the best ratio of Coke/Fe₃O₄ 0.6, was evaluated to be 0.027 min^–1, the removal rate of COD_Cr was 75.47%, and the dissolubility of Fe was 2.42 mg·L^–1. Compared with pure Fe₃O₄, the catalytic ability of Fe₃O₄/Coke in the presence of H₂O₂ was greatly enhanced. And Fe₃O₄/Coke was a green and environmental catalyst with high catalytic activity, showing a good chemical stability and reusability.

Walnut-shell activated carbons (WSACs) were prepared by the KOH chemical activation. The effects of carbonization temperature, activation temperature, and ratio of KOH to chars on the pore development of WSACs were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the microstructure and morphology of WSACs. Methanol adsorption performance onto the optimal WSAC and the coal-based AC were also investigated. The results show that the optimal preparation conditions are a carbonization temperature of 700 °C, an activation temperature of 700 °C, and a mass ratio of 3. The BET surface area, the micropore volume, and the micropore volume percentage of the optimal WASC are 1636 m²/g, 0.641 cm³/g and 81.97%, respectively. There are a lot of micropores and a certain amount of meso- and macropores. The characteristics of the amorphous state are identified. The results show that the optimal WSAC is favorable for methanol adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the optimal WSAC is 248.02mg/g. It is shown that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the optimal WSAC is almost equivalent to that of the common activated carbon. Therefore the optimal WSAC could be a potential adsorbent for the solar energy adsorption refrigeration cycle.

To discuss the function of Eu and Dy and their interaction in Sr₂MgSi₂O₇: Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ long afterglow material, the Eu and Dy single doped and their co-doped Sr₂MgSi₂O₇: Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ were prepared. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), decay curves, photoluminescence (PL), and thermoluminescence (TL). The results indicate that Sr₂MgSi₂O₇: Eu has afterglow properties, and the doping of Eu ion in Sr₂MgSi₂O₇: Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ can lower the depth of traps. Eu ion can not only serve as luminescence center, but also produce traps in the matrix, meanwhile, it also exerts certain influences on the traps produced by Dy in Sr₂MgSi₂O₇: Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺. The Dy ion can not act as luminescence center but relates to the change of the traps in the Sr₂MgSi₂O₇ matrix.

To promote the development of 3D printing materials, gypsum powders used in 3D printing were analyzed in detail through SEM-EDS and ICP. The forming mechanism and morphology of CaSO₄• χH₂O powders were analyzed and confirmed. Furthermore, the printing mechanism of gypsum powders was analyzed and discussed. According to the results of SME-EDS analysis and ICP detection, the factors affecting the forming accuracy, strength, surface quality and reliability of CaSO₄• χH₂O crystal were found in this paper. Adding a variety of additives to change the performance of calcium sulfate would be the further research.

We experimentally investigated the effect of curing conditions on the durability of UHPC under flexural load. Moreover, the mechanisms of the effect of curing conditions were revealed from the microstructural point of view with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and X-ray computerized tomography (X-ray CT). The experimental results show that the flexural load has negative influence on the durability of UHPC, but UHPC still exhibits excellent durability under flexural load. Besides, the curing conditions do show influences on the durability of UHPC. Compared with standard and steam curing, oven curing led to a lower chloride resistance and freeze-thaw performance of UHPC. The microstructure of UHPC paste was detected with ESEM. It is revealed that, compared with standard and steam cured UHPC, the lower reaction degree and internal microcracks are the causes for the lower chloride resistance of oven cured UHPC. The defects distribution in UHPC before and after freeze-thaw action was investigated with X-ray CT. The number of defects in oven cured UHPC increases the fastest during the freeze-thaw action due to its more defective microstructure

The rheological behaviors of fresh cement paste with polycarboxylate superplasticizer were systematically investigated. Influential factors including superplasticizer to cement ratio (Sp/C), water to cement ratio (w/c), temperature, and time were discussed. Fresh cement pastes with Sp/Cs in the range of 0 to 2.0% and varied W/Cs from 0.25 to 0.5 were prepared and tested at 0, 20 and 40 °C, respectively. Flowability and rheological tests on cement pastes were conducted to characterize the development of the rheological behavior of fresh cement pastes over time. The exprimental results indicate that the initial flowability and flowability retention over shelf time increase with the growth in superplasticizer dosage due to the plasticizing effect and retardation effect of superplasticizer. Higher temperature usually leads to a sharper drop in initial flowability and flowability retention. However, for the cement paste with high Sp/C or w/c, the flowability is slightly affected by temperature. Yield stress and plastic viscosity show similar variation trends to the flowability under the abovementioned influential factors at low Sp/C. In the case of high Sp/C, yield stress and plastic viscosity start to decline over shelf time and the decreasing rate descends at elevated temperature. Moreover, two equations to roughly predict yield stress and plastic viscosity of the fresh cement pastes incorporating Sp/C, w/c, temperature and time are developed on the basis of the existing models, in which experimental constants can be extracted from a database created by the rheological test results.

Static and dynamic compression tests were carried out on mortar and paste specimens of three sizes (ϕ68 mm×32 mm, ϕ59 mm×29.5 mm and ϕ32 mm×16 mm) to study the influence of specimen size on the compression behavior of cement-based materials under high strain rates. The static tests were applied using a universal servo-hydraulic system, and the dynamic tests were applied by a spilt Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. The experimental results show that for mortar and paste specimens, the dynamic compressive strength is greater than the quasi-static one, and the dynamic compressive strength for specimens of large size is lower than those of small size. However, the dynamic increase factors (DIF) has an opposite trend. Obviously, both strain rate and size effect exist in mortar and paste. The test results were then analyzed using Weibull, Carpinteri and Bažant’s size effect laws. A good agreement between these three laws and the test results was reached on the compressive strength. However, for the experimental results of paste and cement mortar, the size effect is not evident for the peak strain and elastic modulus of paste and cement mortar.

We numerically simulated and experimentally studied the interfacial carbon diffusion between diamond tool and workpiece materials. A diffusion model with respect to carbon atoms of diamond tool penetrating into chips and machined surface was established. The numerical simulation results of the diffusion process reveal that the distribution laws of carbon atoms concentration have a close relationship with the diffusion distance, the diffusion time, and the original carbon concentration of the work material. In addition, diamond face cutting tests of die steels with different carbon content are conducted at different depth of cuts and feed rates to verify the previous simulation results. The micro-morphology of the chips is detected by scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis was proposed to investigate the change in carbon content of the chips surface. The experimental results of this work are of benefit to a better understanding on the diffusion wear mechanism in single crystal diamond cutting of ferrous metals. Moreover, the experimental results show that the diffusion wear of diamond could be reduced markedly by applying ultrasonic vibration to the cutting tool compared with conventional turning.

BN-SiO₂-SiAlON composite ceramics were successfully prepared by the means of hot pressed sintering. Xe plasma flow generated by Hall Thruster was used for sputtering the surface of the samples in order to evaluate the plasma erosion resistance. XRD, TEM, SEM, and LSCM were used to characterize the phase composition and morphologies of as-made composite ceramics before and after Xe plasma erosion. The ceramics were composed of h-BN, fused silica, and SiAlON, which maintained structural stability during the process of Xe plasma sputtering. In conclusion, comparing with BN-SiO₂ composite ceramics, the plasma erosion rate of BN-SiO₂-SiAlON composite ceramics decreases significantly at first then rises with the increase of AlN addition. Erosion pits can be observed by using SEM on the surface after plasma sputtering, which demonstrates that the BN grains have dropped off the surface. In addition, mechanical denudation by high-speed Xe ions is recognized as the injury mechanism for the BN-matrix composite materials.

The nanowires-reticulated calcium silicate with a specific surface area more than 100 m²/g was prepared by a hydrothermal process using hydrated lime (Ca(OH)₂, HL) and silica containing soluble fluoride, which was a by-product of fluorine industry, and the soluble fluoride in raw silica was fixed as CaSiF₆ at the same time. The kinetic characteristics and mechanism of adsorbing phosphate by fluorine-containing calcium silicate were investigated in the experiments of phosphorus (P) removal from aqueous solution. The results show that the prepared fluorine-containing calcium silicate has excellent performance for adsorbing phosphate, the adsorption process appears to follow pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics and the process is mainly controlled by chemisorption. The product resulted from P adsorption is mainly composed of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and fluorapatite (FAP), which are further used as adsorbents of heavy metal ion Cd²⁺ in aqueous solution and display excellent performance.

Using a walnut shell as a carbon source and ZnCl₂ as an activating agent, we resolved the temperature gradient problems of activated carbon in the microwave desorption process. An appropriate amount of silicon carbide was added to prepare the composite activated carbon with high thermal conductivity while developing VOC adsorption-microwave regeneration technology. The experimental results show that the coefficient of thermal conductivity of SiC-AC is three times as much as those of AC and SY-6. When microwave power was 480 W in its microwave desorption, the temperature of the bed thermal desorption was 10 °C to 30 °C below that of normal activated carbon prepared in our laboratory. The toluene desorption activation energy was 16.05 kJ∙mol⁻¹, which was 15% less than the desorption activation energy of commercial activated carbon. This study testified that the process could maintain its high adsorption and regeneration desorption performances.

The interaction mechanism and phase evolution of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) mixed with muscovite (APP/muscovite) were studied by TG, XRD and SEM, respectively, during heating. When the temperature is not higher than 300 °C, muscovite has no effect on the thermal decomposition of APP, and the initial decomposition temperature of APP/muscovite at 283 °C is basically the same as the APP at 295 °C, and the main thermal decomposition products are polyphosphoric acid and NH₄H₂PO₄ at 300 °C. The polyphosphoric acid, the decomposition products of APP, can enable K and Si out of muscovite and interact with muscovite chemically to generate Al₂O₃·2SiO₂, α-SiO₂ and phosphates (AlPO₄ and K₅P₃O₁₀) compounds during 400 °C-800 °C, which own obvious adhesive phenomenon and porous structure with the apparent porosity of 58.4%. Further reactions between phosphates other than reactions among Al₂O₃·2SiO₂ and α-SiO₂ can generate KAlP₂O₇ at 1 000 °C and the density of residual product is improved by low melting point phosphate filling pore to form relatively dense structure and decrease the apparent porosity to 44.4%. The flame resistant and self-supported ceramic materials are expected to enhance the fire-retarding synergistic effect between APP and muscovite.

According to the results of accelerated tests of acidification corrosion depth and compressive strength of concretes subjected to sulfuric acid environments, the acidification depth laws of concretes were predicted based on the grey system theory. Thus, the remaining compressive strength was calculated when the acidification depth reached the protection layer thickness of concrete structures, which indicates that the limit state of durability failure can be defined based on strength degradation, and the calculation process was illustrated by an example. The calculated results show that the remaining compressive strength values in the durability failure limit state for the concrete structures exposed to pH=2 and 3 sulfuric acid water environments and wet-dry cyclic sulfuric acid environment with pH=2 are 74%, 72%, and 80% of initial strength, respectively. The method provides references for the durability evaluation of concrete structure design under the acidic environments.

Based on the similarity theory, a new experimental method named Similar Experimental Method for Durability of Concrete (SEMDC) was established. The existing experimental methods for durability of concrete were summarized, and the merits and demerits of these experimental methods were analyzed. Major factors affecting the durability of concrete were found through literature review. These factors were analyzed and the similarity criteria were established according to the similarity theory, and then the SEMDC was established according to the rules of these criteria. The various influential factors of the experimental method were analyzed and the merits and demerits of this new experimental method were discussed. According to SEMDC, changing the geometry shrinkage ratio was the only way to accelerate the test in order to keep the experiment similar to the reality. There were few other parameters which need to be changed in SEMDC, making the test easy to be achieved. According to SEMDC, time shrinkage ratio was the square of geometric shrinkage ratio, so an appropriate increase of the geometric shrinkage ratio could accelerate the test. Finally, an example of experimental design for durability of concrete was devised theoretically base on SEMDC theory.

Through the comparison of calcination conditions between cement preclinkering technology and cement precalcining technology, we studied the characteristics of temperature field distribution of cement preclinkering technology systems including cyclone preheater, preclinkering furnace, and rotary kiln. We used numerical simulation method to obtain data of temperature field distribution.Some results are found by system study. The ratio of tail coal of cement preclinkering technology is about 70%, and raw meal temperature can reach 1070 °C. Shorter L/D kiln type of preclinkering technology can obtain more stable calcining zone temperature. The highest solid temperature of cement preclinkering technology is higher than 80 °C, and high temperature region (>1450 °C) length is 2 times, which is beneficial for calcining clinker and higher clinker quality. So cement preclinkering technology can obtain more performance temperature filed, which improves both the solid-phase reaction and liquid-phase reaction.

We investigated the effects of different barium compounds on the thaumasite form of sulphate attack (TSA) resistance of cement-based materials when they were used as admixtures in mortars. Moreover, we analyzed the inhibition mechanisms within different types of barium salts, namely BaCO₃ and Ba(OH)₂, on the thaumasite formation. The control cement mortar and mortars with barium salts to cement and limestone weight ratios of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% were immersed in 5% (by weight) MgSO₄ solution at 5 °C to mimic TSA. Appearance, mass, and compressive strength of the mortar samples were monitored and measured to assess the general degradation extent of these samples. The products of sulphate attack were further analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM, respectively. Experimental results show that different degradation extent is evident in all mortars cured in MgSO₄ solution. However, barium salts can greatly inhibit such degradation. Barium in hydroxide form has better effectiveness in protection against TSA than carbonate form, which may be due to their solubility difference in alkaline cement pore solution, and the presence of these barium compounds can reduce the degree of TSA by comparison with the almost completely decomposed control samples.

The changes of resistivity of conductive asphalt concrete at different temperatures were studied, and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) model was established to estimate the influence of temperature on the resistivity quantitatively, which eliminated the interference with conductivity evaluation brought by temperature variation. Finally, the analysis of temperature cycling test results proves that the changes of percolation network structure caused by temperature variation prompt the emergence of PTC of conductive asphalt concrete.

Corrosion behavior of 300M in neutral corrosion environments containing NaCl simulated by total immersion (TI), salt spraying (SS) and periodic immersion (PI), was investigated by surface analysis techniques, corrosion weight-loss method, and electrochemical measurements. In total immersion environment, rust on the steel consisted of a porous outer rust layer with main constituent of γ-FeOOH, and an inner rust layer of dense Fe₃O₄ film with network broad cracks. In salt spraying environment, outer rust with main composition of γ-FeOOH/α-FeOOH/Fe₃O₄ was compact, and inner rust showed dense Fe₃O₄ film. Rust formed by periodic immersion exhibited a compact outer rust layer with constituent of α-FeOOH/γ-FeOOH/Fe₃O₄ and an inner rust layer with composition of α-FeOOH/α-Fe₂O₃; inner rust showed a ultra-dense film adherent to the steel. The corrosion rate showed a rule of v _ss(salt spraying)>v _ti(total immersion)>>v _pi(periodic immersion) in 0–240 h, and v _ss≈v _ti»v _pi in 240–720 h. The rust formed by periodic immersion was dense and compact, with stable electrochemical properties, and had excellent protection on the steel. Humidity and oxygen concentration in all the environments played major roles in rust formation.

A new kind of corrosion resistant steel for cargo oil tanks (COT) was developed. The influences of final rolling temperature, cooling rate, and final cooling temperature on microstructure were investigated. The proper rolling process parameters were obtained through multi-pass thermal simulation test. The final rolling temperature is about 820 °C, the final cooling temperature is about 600 °C, and the cooling rate should be controlled between 10 °C/s and 20 °C/s. Based on the above analysis of the results, three groups of rolling samples by thermo mechanical control process are prepared. The tensile strength, yield strength, and toughness of the corrosion resistant steel are measured, which meet the requirements of DH36 steel, it can instruct the actual rolling production. The corrosion behaviour is also researched by weight loss and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic method, and it is found that the steel has good corrosion resistance performance, the best one is No.3 steel, the corrosion rate of which is about 1/4 of the accepted criterion.

We investigated phase transition and precipitation of ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) in a new “short process” with controlled rolling and controlled cooling. Thermal expansion test combined with metallographic observation was used to research the continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curve. Moreover, the microstructural transformation and precipitation law was revealed by morphological observation and alloying elements by electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to analyze the composition and grain orientation of microstructure. The study showed that the measured critical transformation temperatures of Ac1 and Ac3 were 746 and 868 °C, respectively. The CCT curve indicated that the undercooled austenite was transformed into proeutectoid ferrite and bainite with HV 520 in a broad range of cooling rate of 1 °C•s⁻¹. When subjected to a cooling rate of 1 °C•s⁻¹, the undercooled austenite was divided into small-sized blocks by formed martensite. With further increase of cooling rate, micro-hardness increased dramatically, the microstructure of specimen was mainly lathe bainite(LB), granular bainite(GB), lath martensite (LM) and residual austenite. By diffraction test analysis, it was identified that there was K-S orientation relationship between martensite and austenite for {110}_α//{111}_γ, {111}_α//{101}_γ. EPMA clearly showed that carbon diffused adequately due to staying for a long time at high temperature with a lower cooling rate of 2 °C•s⁻¹. Phase transition drive force was lower and the residual austenite existed in the block form of Martensite austenite island (M-A). With the increase of cooling rate to 10 °C•s⁻¹, the block residual austenite reduced, the carbon content of residual austenite increased and α phase around the residual austenite formed into a low carbon bainite form.

The influence of pre-deformation and heat treatment on mechanical properties of as-extruded ZK60 alloy was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the solid solution, pre-cold rolling and artificial aging treatments remarkably improved the mechanical strength of alloys compared with the as-extruded condition. Especially, pre-cold rolling in 5% reduction combined with artificial aging at 150 °C for 20 h was determined as the optimum heat treatment condition, which resulted in a yield strength of 333 MPa with an increment of 87 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 373 MPa. High density of nanoscale precipitates in α-Mg matrix observed in this sample was beneficial to enhancing the strength. The as-extruded sample showed a typical brittle fracture while the solution treated sample exhibited ductile-fragile failure characterized by cleavage fractures, river patterns, and tear ridges. And the sample after pre-cold rolling combined with aging presented more equiaxial dimples with a great amount of cracked particles in them. The above-mentioned observations were analyzed in terms of microstructure and possible strengthening mechanism in the extruded ZK60 alloy.

To understand the effects of spray parameters on the splashing, cast iron particles were plasma-sprayed onto polished surfaces of aluminum substrate to form single splats. Various plasma arc powers and spray distances were applied to adjust the morphology of the splats which was studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The experimental results showed that the splashing of impinging droplets was significantly restrained for the splats deposited with high arc power (30 kW) and short spray distance (80 mm). This finding would be beneficial to improving the adhesive strength of the coating.

A great amount of red mud generated from alumina production by Bayer process was considered as a low-grade iron ore with a grade of 5wt% to 30wt% iron. We adopted the reduction roastingmagnetic separation process to recover ferric oxide from red mud. The red mud samples were processed by reduction roasting, grinding and magnetic separating respectively. The effects of different parameters on the recovery rate of iron were studied in detail. The optimum techqical parameters were proposed with 700 °C roasting for 20 min, as 50wt% carbon and 4wt% additive were added. The experimental results indicated that the iron recovery and the grade of total iron were 91% and 60%, respectively. A novel process is applicable to recover ferric oxide from the red mud waste fines.

The corrosion mechanism of Zn-Cu-Ti alloy added with La in 3% NaOH solution was investigated by electrochemical testing and SEM observation. Polarization curves manifested that the overall corrosion kinetics of alloys are under anodic control. The anodic passivation of the Zn-Cu-Ti alloy is remarkably improved by the addition of La. Because La can effectively improve the hydrogen evolution/oxygen reduction over-potential of alloy elements, and the rare earth oxide film plays an important role in insulation that can strengthen the dielectric properties of Zn-Cu-Ti alloy, the corrosion resistance of Zn-Cu-Ti alloy is made significantly better by adding a trace amount of La. The improvement of corrosion resistance is not positively correlated with the adding amount of La to alloy. The Zn-Cu-Ti-0.5La alloy displays the best corrosion resistance behavior. The corrosion form of the alloys mainly belongs to a selective corrosion and the main solid corrosion products are Zn(OH)₂ and ZnO.

KAl (7075) alloy /Mg (AZ31) alloy laminated composite plates were successfully fabricated by the equal channel angular processing (ECAP) by using route A for 1, 2, and 3 passes at 573 K, respectively. After fabrication, the 1-pass ECAPed laminated composite plates were annealed at different temperatures. The microstructure evolution, phase constituent, and bonding strength near the joining interface of Al (7075) alloy /Mg (AZ31) alloy laminated composites plates were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and shear tests. The experimental results indicated that a 20 μm diffusion layer was observed at the joining interface of Al (7075) alloy /Mg (AZ31) alloy laminated composites plates fabricated by the 1-pass ECAP, which mainly included Al₃Mg₂ and Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phases. With the increase of passes, the increase of diffusion layer thickness was not obvious and the form of crack in these processes led to the decrease of bonding strength. For 1-pass ECAPed composites, the thickness of diffusion layer remained unchanged after annealed at 473 K, while the bonding strength reached its maximum value 29.12 MPa. However, after elevating heat treatment temperature to 573 K, the thickness of diffusion layer increased rapidly, and thus the bonding strength decreased.

To solve the problems of poor forming and easy adhesion of the stainless steel, Cu alloyed layer on the stainless steels was prepared by the double glow plasma surface alloying technique. The experimental results indicated that the supersaturated copper dispersedly precipitated in grain interior and crystal boundaries and formed the vermicular structure. The tribological tests indicated that the friction coefficient of the Cu alloyed layer was lower than that of the stainless steels. The wear rate of stainless steel in the presence of Cu alloyed layer was approximately 2-fold lower than that in the absence of the alloyed layer. The results of the incremental forming indicated that the ploughing phenomenon was not observed on the stainless steel in the presence of Cu alloyed layer during the incremental forming, while the stainless steel presented the deep ploughing. Therefore, Cu alloyed layer on stainless steel exhibited excellent self-lubrication and forming properties.

In order to prolong the service life of piston rings of heavy vehicle engine and decrease the friction and wear of piston rings and cylinder liner, CrMoN/MoS₂ multilayer films were deposited on the surface of rings by magnetron sputtering and low temperature ion sulfuration. FESEM equipped with EDX was adopted to analyze the compositions and morphologies of surface, cross-section, and wear scars of the multilayer films. The nano-hardness and Young’s modulus of the films were measured by a nano tester. Tribological properties of the films were tested by an SRV®4 wear tester. The experimental results indicate that the structures of the multilayer films are dense and compact. The films possess nano hardness value of approximately 26.7 GPa and superior ability of plastic deformation resistance. The multilayer films can activate solid lubricating, and possess an excellent antifriction and wear resistance under the conditions of heavy load, high frequency, high temperature, and dynamic load.

Power loss of Fe-3%Si grain-oriented silicon steel was measured after ball scribing with different spacing using a self-designed tool. Three different sections of power loss, including hysteresis loss, abnormal loss, and eddy current loss, were measured and calculated, respectively. The loss variation and ratio were analyzed based on the experimental data. At 1.0 T, hysteresis loss of tested steel with scribing spacing of 8 mm descends by 8.2% compared to samples without scribing, which is similar to the total loss variation, and abnormal loss descends by 16.8%. At 1.0 T, hysteresis loss ratio of the steel with scribing spacing of 16 mm ascends from 55.7% to 57.9%, and eddy current loss increases from 17.4% to 24.1%, while abnormal loss descends from 26.9% to 23.7%. The experimental results show that the reduction of power loss after scribing is mainly due to decreasing of hysteresis loss and abnormal loss.

We put forward a protocol combining laser treatment and acid etching to obtain multiscale micro/nano-texture surfaces of titanium alloy implant. Firstly, the operational parameters of the laser were optimized to obtain an optimum current. Secondly, the laser with the optimum operational parameters was used to fabricate micro pits. Thirdly, multiple acid etching was used to clean the clinkers of micro pits and generate submicron and nanoscale structures. Finally, the bioactivity of the samples was measured in a simulated body fluid. The results showed that the micropits with a diameter of 150 μm and depth of 50 μm were built successfully with the optimized working current of 13 A. In addition, submicron and nanoscale structures, with 0.5-2 μm microgrooves and 10-20 nm nanopits, were superimposed on micro pits surface by multiple acid etching. There was thick and dense HA coating only observed on the multiscale micro/nano-textured surface compared with polished and micro-textured surface. This indicated that the multiscale micro/nano-texture surface showed better ability toward HA formation, which increased the bioactivity of implants.

Nanoparticles conjugated with antibody were designed as active drug delivery system to reduce the toxicity and side effects of drugs for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, methotrexate (MTX) was chosen as model drug and encapsulate within folic acid modified carboxymethyl chitosan (FA-CMCS) nanoparticles through self-assembling. The chemical structure, morphology, release and targeting of nanoparticles were characterized by routine detection. It is demonstrated that the mean diameter is about 150 nm, the release rate increases with the decreasing of pH, the binding rate of CD33 antibody and FA-CMCS nanoparticles is about 5:2, and nanoparticles can effectively bind onto HL60 cells in vitro. The experimental results indicate that the FA-CMCS nanoparticles conjugated with antibody may be used as a potential pHsensitive drug delivery system with leukemic targeting properties.

In order to look for the best proportion of β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) we fabricated porous composites β-TCP/PLGA scaffold using freeze-drying method. Morphological characterization using scanning electron microscopy showed that the interconnected pore distribution was even and there was no significant difference with the increase of PLGA content. Moreover, the porosity, compressive strength and degradation in vitro were characterized. The fabricated scaffolds with increased PLGA in the composites β-TCP/PLGA scaffolds will get stronger mechanical property and better appearance, furthermore, get suitable environment for cells. According to the evaluation indexes for the tissue engineering scaffold, the group of scaffold (β-TCP/PLGA=6:4) was selected to evaluate the induced cell adhesion and proliferative ability of the scaffolds. Then as transplant embed into the bone critical defect sites on rats femur. The repairing processes of bone defect sites were characterized by X-ray analysis within 12 weeks. X-ray analysis showed that the bone defect sites all displayed the formation of callus obviously, In summary, our data suggest that the scaffold (β-TCP/PLGA=6:4) has a promising clinical future in regeneration of bone critical defects.

Ti6Al4V substrates were anodized in a 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution at applied voltages of 90-140 V. A hydroxyapatite-titanium oxide (HA-TiO₂) coating was then deposited on the anodized Ti6Al4V substrates via a hydrothermal-electrochemical method at a constant current. The obtained films and coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. The microstructures of the porous films on the Ti6Al4V substrates were studied to investigate the effect of the anodizing voltage on the phase and morphology of the HA-TiO₂ coating. The results indicated that both the phase composition and the morphology of the coatings were significantly influenced by changes in the anodizing voltage. HA-TiO₂ was directly precipitated onto the surface of the substrate when the applied voltage was between 110 and 140 V. The coatings had a gradient structure and the HA exhibited both needle-like and cotton-like structures. The amount of cotton-like HA structures decreased with an increase in voltage from 90 to 120 V, and then increased slightly when the voltage was higher than 120 V. The orientation index of the (002) plane of the coating was at a minimum when the Ti6Al4V substrate was pretreated at 120 V.

We developed a fixation method and evaluate bone regrowth in the cavities of a ϕ4 mm× 8 mm titanium (Ti) tube through porous hydroxyapatite (HAP)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite filling (group A), chitosan/calcium phosphate composite filling (group B), and HAP particle modification (group C). After 2 and 5 months of implantation in dog tibia defects, new bone formation in the three groups was studied by histology and histomorphometry. Group A displayed the most bone regenerated area in both 2 and 5 months post-operation. The chitosan/calcium phosphate composite in group B mostly degraded 2 months after implantation, leading to fibrous tissue invasion after 5 months. By contrast, less bone formation was observed in group C. These results indicated that filling the cavities of metal prostheses with a porous HAP/β-TCP composite can be used for stable long-term fixation in clinical settings.

Poly(trimethyleneterephthalate) (PTT)/styrene-ethylene-buthylene-styrene (SEBS) composites were prepared by melt compounding. Polarizing optical microscopy was used to observe the spherulitic morphology and the crystal structure of PTT and PTT/SEBS composites. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the dispersion and the compatibility of fracture surfaces of PTT and SEBS. The curves of thermal gravimetric analysis illustrated that the thermo stability decreased with increasing SEBS content. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the crystallization behavior; and the result showed that the glass transition temperature of the compound increased with the SEBS content. The Avrami equation described the isothermal crystallization kinetics. Stress-strain curves for PTT and PTT/SEBS composites showed that the elongation at break was enhanced with increasing SEBS content.

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/ polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposite foams were prepared by the anti-solvent precipitation and supercritical foaming method. The morphology and the electrical conductivity of the foams with different kinds of CNTs were investigated. The experimental results showed that all the foams had uniform cell structure, and the cell size changed from 1.9 to 10 μm when the foaming temperature ranged from 50 °C to 95 °C. With small cell size (1.9–4.0 μm), the conductivities of the foams were 3.34×10⁻⁶–4.16×10⁻⁶ S/cm compared with the solid matrix since the introduction of micro cells did not destroy the conductive network. However, when the cell size was biger (4.5–10 μm), the aspect ratio of the CNTs played the dominant role of the conductivity. The foams with short CNTs had higher conductivity, since the short CNTs were hard to stretch and snap by the cells and can well-dispersed in the cell wall and cell edges. The results of this work provided a novel material design method for conductive foams based on the rule of both microstructure and aspect ratio of the CNTs.