Terrestrial Heat Flow Based on Borehole Measurements and Thermophysical Properties in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

Abstract

Terrestrial heat flow is a critical parameter that reveals the present-day thermal regime of sedimentary basins and plays a vital role in evaluating geothermal and petroleum resource potential. In this study, we present the most comprehensive update of heat flow measurements based on borehole measurements and thermophysical properties in the Sichuan Basin to date. The geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow of 177 typical boreholes in the Sichuan Basin were calculated using the system steady-state temperature data from 65 boreholes, drilling stem test temperature data from 112 boreholes, 1 116 rock thermal conductivities and 629 heat production rates. The results show that the Sichuan Basin is characterized by a medium-temperature field between those of stable and active tectonic areas; the geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow ranges of 12.2–30.5 °C/km and 38.0–98.9 mW/m², with average values of 21.9 ± 3.85 °C/km and 64.5 ± 12.8 mW/m². The terrestrial heat flow and geothermal gradient distribution characteristics in the Sichuan Basin are consistent and mainly controlled by factors such as the regional geological structure, rock thermal conductivity and deep heat sources of the Sichuan Basin. High terrestrial heat flow values lie within the basement uplift region of the southwestern Sichuan Basin and the central Sichuan Basin; the terrestrial heat flow decreases from the southwestern Sichuan Basin to the surrounding depression areas. In the southwestern Sichuan Basin, central Sichuan Basin uplift and southern Sichuan Basin, the terrestrial heat flow ranges of 52.6–98.9 mW/m², with an average value of 72.5 ± 9.7 mW/m². In the eastern Sichuan Basin and northern Sichuan Basin, it varies from 38.0–70.7 mW/m², with an average value of 53.2 ± 6.6 mW/m². These results offer a robust fundamental insight for thermal regime of the Sichuan Basin and its geothermal and petroleum resource assessment.

Keywords

Sichuan Basin / geothermal gradient / terrestrial heat flow / thermophysical properties / sustainable energy / geothermal resources

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