Revealing Multi-Stage Thermal Imprints: Evolution Model and Dominant Drivers in Cambrian Qiongzhusi Shale, Sichuan Basin

Abstract

To clarify the thermal evolution characteristics of organic matter in the Zizhong-Weiyuan area in Sichuan Basin, solid bitumen reflectance of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation (QFm) shale was measured by Raman Spectroscopy (RS) method. Constrained by vitrinite reflectance (Ro) data, burial and thermal evolution histories of QFm shale were reconstructed through basin numerical simulation technology. The evolution model of and critical period of organic matter was determined, and its dominant drivers were analyzed. The results show that the asphalt Raman vitrinite reflectance (_RmcRo) ranges from 3.21% to 4.15%. Thermal maturity within the trough follows a southern part > central part > northern part trend. Thermal maturity is moderate within the paleo-uplift, whereas organic matter outside the paleo-uplift has undergone graphitization. Two types of thermal evolution imprints were established: a continuous heating type and a stop heating type of Silurian–Permian. Sedimentary burial, paleogeomorphology, tectonic movement and Emeishan mantle plume are the dominant drivers of multi-stage thermal imprints of the QFm shale. The three factors are coupled with each other. The Late Caledonian and Late Indosinian are the key periods of organic matter thermal evolution. The Leshan-Longnüsi paleo-uplift weakens the thermal effect of the Permian Emeishan mantle plume. The current thermal evolution pattern of the QFm is mainly determined by the continuous subsidence of the Triassic–Cretaceous. Stop heating model of Silurian–Permian locks the maturity of organic matter in the gold window, thus controlling the enrichment of QFm shale gas. It provides new insights for shale gas migration, enrichment and effective exploration and development of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic QFm.

Keywords

Sichuan Basin / Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation Shale / thermal imprints / evolution model / dominant drivers

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