Water Migration during Deep Continental Crust Exhumation: Ultrahigh-Pressure Garnet Pyroxenite Constraints from the Dabie Orogen, China

Abstract

Subduction-driven water (H₂O) cycling plays a fundamental role in Earth’s geodynamics. However, the migration of H₂O during continental slab exhumation is poorly constrained. This study investigates Triassic ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) garnet pyroxenites from the Dabie Orogen, China, to quantify H₂O loss during hot exhumation (>900 °C). By integrating petrology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and phase equilibrium modeling, we reconstructed the pressure-temperature (P-T) evolution of UHP garnet pyroxenites. This reveals a clockwise trajectory from UHP eclogite-facies conditions (3.2–3.6 GPa, 960–1 040 °C) to retrograde high-pressure (HP) granulite-facies overprinting (1.7–2.0 GPa, 1 040–1 120 °C). The FTIR analyses reveal that primary H₂O concentrations in mineral domains remain unaffected by later fluid influx or diffusion. Clinopyroxene cores (407 ppm–2 114 ppm; average of 1 135 ppm) and garnet inclusions (1 648 ppm–2 138 ppm; average of 1 893 ppm) retain UHP signatures, while clinopyroxene rims (65 ppm–928 ppm; average of 475 ppm) record HP signatures. Using a clinopyroxene-garnet partition coefficient (0.6) calibrated under UHP conditions, HP garnet H₂O content is estimated at 108 ppm–1 546 ppm (average of 792 ppm). Phase equilibrium calculations indicate that both UHP eclogite-facies and HP granulite-facies mineral assemblages primarily consist of garnet and clinopyroxene and lack hydrous minerals. Thus, the total H₂O loss from these phases during hot exhumation approximates that of the whole rock in this process. Data analysis reveals a considerable H₂O loss during the initial stage of decompressional exhumation. The spatio-temporal distribution of the selected samples indicates that UHP metamorphic fluids likely flowed during early hot exhumation, with 1 m³ of UHP eclogite potentially releasing ∼3.11 kg of H₂O. Petrographic evidence (omphacite-hosted melt pseudomorphs: quartz + plagioclase ± albite) links H₂O release to partial melting, which may enhance mechanical decoupling during exhumation. Our results reveal the migration of H₂O during hot exhumation and advance the understanding of crust-mantle interactions in continental collisional orogens.

Keywords

clinopyroxene / H₂O content / UHP metamorphism / hot exhumation / Dabie Orogen / petrology / geochemistry

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