Long-Term in situ Monitoring of Anchoring System and Preliminary Analysis of Monitoring Data

Abstract

The geological environment in which the reservoir slope is situated is intricate, influenced by factors such as precipitation and fluctuations in reservoir water levels. Furthermore, the anchoring structure embedded within the rock mass of the slope undergoes corrosion and deterioration due to these factors, resulting in a highly complex interaction process between the slope rock mass and the anchoring structure. The long-term safety of rock-anchored structure systems is closely tied to the construction and safe operation of reservoirs, as both internal and external factors play a role in ensuring their stability. The present study aims to investigate this intricate issue by designing and establishing an on-site comprehensive multi-field information monitoring platform. The multi-site information monitoring platform comprises three components, namely the landslide monitoring system, anchor structure monitoring system, and data management system. The landslide monitoring system encompasses the surveillance of surface deformation, subsurface deformation, and environmental factors. The monitoring system for anchor structures includes the monitoring of prestress, anchor cable strain, and corrosion status of steel bars. The establishment of a preliminary system for data transmission and management has been accomplished. The current monitoring results indicate that the health condition of the tested anchor cables is satisfactory, and the strain and corrosion status are influenced by the design of the anchor cable structure. The platform is currently undergoing enhancements with the incorporation of cutting-edge anchoring structure design and monitoring equipment.

Keywords

anchoring cable / monitoring platform / mechanical property / long-term safety / engineering geology

References

[1] Aziz N, Craig P, Nemcik J, et al.. Rock Bolt Corrosion–An Experimental Study. Mining Technology, 2014, 123(2): 69-77

[2] Cao S, Xiang W, Wang J G, et al.. Identifying the Groundwater Sources of Huangtupo Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China. Water, 2023, 15(9): 1741

[3] Chen J H, Li H, Zhao S K, et al.. Analysis on the Shear Stress Propagation Mechanism in the Rock Reinforcement System. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022, 10: 938808

[4] China National Coal Association (CNCA). Technical Specification for Bolt Support of Roadway in Coal Mine, 20182018-05-14

[5] China National Coal Construction Association (CNCCA). Engineering Design Standard for Open-Pit Mine Slope in Coal Industry, 20182018-05-14

[6] Craig P, Serkan S, Hagan P, et al.. Investigations into the Corrosive Environments Contributing to Premature Failure of Australian Coal Mine Rock Bolts. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2016, 26(159-64

[7] Du Y, Li H, Chicas S D, et al.. Progress and Perspectives of Geotechnical Anchor Bolts on Slope Engineering in China. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022, 10: 928064

[8] Grasselli G. 3D Behaviour of Bolted Rock Joints: Experimental and Numerical Study. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2005, 42(113-24

[9] Guo F, Zhang N, Feng X W, et al.. Variations of Entries and Bolting Technologies, a Case Study Based on a Field Monitoring of a Longwall Face. Engineering Geology, 2024, 331: 107458

[10] Hu X L, Tang H M, Li C D, et al.. Stability of Huangtupo Riverside Slumping Mass II under Water Level Fluctuation of Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Earth Science, 2012, 23(3326-334

[11] Li J Z, Wang C, Zhao Y Y, et al.. A Long-Term Monitoring Method of Corrosion Damage of Prestressed Anchor Cable. Micromachines, 2023, 14(4799

[12] Li L, Liang R Y, Liu H L. System Reliability Analysis for Anchor-Stabilised Slopes Considering Stochastic Corrosion of Anchors. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2015, 11(101294-1305

[13] Liu J Q, Tang H M, Li Q, et al.. Multi-Sensor Fusion of Data for Monitoring of Huangtupo Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir (China). Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2018, 9(1): 881-891

[14] Lu G Y, Tang H M, Zhu Y, et al.. Fiber-Optic Gyroscope Thermal Calibration through Two-Dimensional N-Order Polynomial for Landslide Displacement Monitoring. Energies, 2022, 15(21): 7845

[15] Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (MOHURD). Technical Standard for Inspection of Building Structures, 20202020-06-01

[16] National Energy Administration (NEA). Technical Specification of Slope Construction for Hydropower and Water Conservancy Project, 20072007-10-14

[17] Potvin Y, Nedin P. Rockfalls and Surface Support in Australian Underground Hard Rock Mines. 3rd International Seminar on Surface Support Liners: Thin Spray-on Liners, Shotcrete and Mesh, 2003, 1: 1-14

[18] Potvin Y, Nedin P, Sandy M, et al.. Towards the Elimination of Rockfall Fatalities in Australian Mines, 2001, Crawley, Australian Centre for Geomechanics

[19] Song G B, Li W J, Wang B, et al.. A Review of Rock Bolt Monitoring Using Smart Sensors. Sensors, 2017, 17(4776

[20] Srivastava L P, Singh M. Effect of Fully Grouted Passive Bolts on Joint Shear Strength Parameters in a Blocky Mass. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2015, 48(31197-1206

[21] Tang H M, Li C D, Hu X L, et al.. Evolution Characteristics of the Huangtupo Landslide Based on in situ Tunneling and Monitoring. Landslides, 2015, 12(3): 511-521

[22] Tang H M, Li C D, Hu X L, et al.. Deformation Response of the Huangtupo Landslide to Rainfall and the Changing Levels of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2015, 74(3): 933-942

[23] Tang H M, Wasowski J, Juang C H. Geohazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China–Lessons Learned from Decades of Research. Engineering Geology, 2019, 261: 105267

[24] Vandermaat D, Saydam S, Hagan P C, et al.. Examination of Rockbolt Stress Corrosion Cracking Utilising Full Size Rockbolts in a Controlled Mine Environment. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2016, 81: 86-95

[25] Vu N A, Castel A, François R. Effect of Stress Corrosion Cracking on Stress-Strain Response of Steel Wires Used in Prestressed Concrete Beams. Corrosion Science, 2009, 51(6): 1453-1459

[26] Wang B, Li Z, He C, et al.. Durability of Multiple-Anticorrosive Bolts in a Corrosive Environment. Practical Metallography, 2014, 51(6): 426-450

[27] Wang J G, Su A J, Xiang W, et al.. New Data and Interpretations of the Shallow and Deep Deformation of Huangtupo No. 1 Riverside Sliding Mass during Seasonal Rainfall and Water Level Fluctuation. Landslides, 2016, 13(4): 795-804

[28] Wang Y, Li C D, Cai Z L, et al.. Mechanical Behaviors of Anchorage Interfaces in Layered Rocks with Fractures under Axial Loads. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(2): 354-368

[29] Wu J, Chen W M, Liu L H, et al.. A Novel Cable Tension Monitoring Method Based on Self Stress Attenuation Feature in Cable Anchor Head. Sensor Letters, 2012, 10(7): 1364-1367

[30] Wu S S, Chen H H, Craig P, et al.. An Experimental Framework for Simulating Stress Corrosion Cracking in Cable Bolts. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2018, 76: 121-132

[31] Xia P, Hu X L, Wu S S, et al.. Study on Shear Strength Characteristics of Columnar Jointed Basalt Based on in-situ Direct Shear Test at Baihetan Hydropower Station. Journal of Earth Science, 2023, 34(4): 1280-1294

[32] Zheng L B, Wang L Q, Zhu L F, et al.. Analytical Model of the Shear Behaviors of Bolted Rough Joints Based on the Dilation Effect and Surface Abrasion. Engineering Geology, 2021, 294: 106399

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, Part of Springer Nature

Just Accepted

This article has successfully passed peer review and final editorial review, and will soon enter typesetting, proofreading and other publishing processes. The currently displayed version is the accepted final manuscript. The officially published version will be updated with format, DOI and citation information upon launch. We recommend that you pay attention to subsequent journal notifications and preferentially cite the officially published version. Thank you for your support and cooperation.