Unraveling the Hydrothermal History of the Xinshuijing Na-Metasomatite Uranium Deposit in the Longshoushan Metallogenic Belt, Northwest China by Coupled Hydrothermal Zircon U-Pb and Albite Ar-Ar Dating

Abstract

Na-metasomatite uranium deposits are an important type of large-tonnage low-grade uranium deposit. They are characterized by an intimate association between uranium minerals and albite, and by the common development of syn-ore hydrothermal zircons. Similar to other types of uranium deposits, constraining an accurate age of mineralization remains a challenge for the Na-metasomatite type ones. In this study, we present for the first time, an approach that combines age dating results from the syn-ore albites (⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar) and hydrothermal zircons (U-Pb) for a typical Na-metasomatite uranium deposit, the Xinshuijing deposit in the Longshoushan metallogenic belt of Northwest China. The hydrothermal zircon U-Pb and albite ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar ages are consistent with each other (378−366 Ma; within error), but also identical to the previously reported uraninite chemical U-Pb ages (approximately 370 Ma). The coupled application of hydrothermal zircon U-Pb and albite ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar age dating is thus regarded as a robust approach for constraining the age of mineralization for Na-metasomatite uranium deposits. An age gap of approximately 70 Myr between uranium mineralization (∼ 370 Ma) and host granitoid emplacement (about 440 Ma) suggests no direct genetic linkage between the two. Further exploration in the surrounding metamorphic units is therefore suggested, rather than only focusing on the host granitoids, especially where intensive wallrock alteration and structural features are pervasive. The varied hydrothermal zircon δ¹⁸O isotope compositions are attributed to the significant fluid-wallrock interaction during the uranium mineralization, which is consistent with our previous fluid inclusion and geochemical studies. Our study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate isotopic dating methods, which is informed by detailed paragenetic and geochemical analysis of dateable minerals formed before or coeval to the main-stage uranium mineralization. Moreover, it is underlined that the exact ore-forming age determination is of great significance since it sheds light on the ore genesis and provides valid constraints on the ore-controlling factors during further exploration.

Keywords

Na-metasomatite / uranium deposits / mineralization age / hydrothermal zircon U-Pb / albite Ar-Ar / Longshoushan metallogenic belt / ore deposits

References

[1] Aja S U, Wood S A, Williams-Jones A E. The Aqueous Geochemistry of Zr and the Solubility of Some Zr-Bearing Minerals. Applied Geochemistry, 1995, 10(6): 603-620.

[2] Ayers J C, Zhang L, Luo Y, et al.. Zircon Solubility in Alkaline Aqueous Fluids at Upper Crustal Conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012, 96: 18-28.

[3] Bonnetti C, Liu X D, Mercadier J, et al.. The Genesis of Granite-Related Hydrothermal Uranium Deposits in the Xiazhuang and Zhuguang Ore Fields, North Guangdong Province, SE China: Insights from Mineralogical, Trace Elements and U-Pb Isotopes Signatures of the U Mineralisation. Ore Geology Reviews, 2018, 92: 588-612.

[4] Bonnetti C, Liu X D, Cuney M, et al.. Evolution of the Uranium Mineralisation in the Zoujiashan Deposit, Xiangshan Ore Field: Implications for the Genesis of Volcanic-Related Hydrothermal U Deposits in South China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2020, 122: 103514.

[5] Bonnetti C, Liu X D, Mercadier J, et al.. Genesis of the Volcanic-Related Be-U-Mo Baiyanghe Deposit, West Junggar (NW China), Constrained by Mineralogical, Trace Element and U-Pb Isotope Signatures of the Primary U Mineralisation. Ore Geology Reviews, 2021, 128: 103921.

[6] Cernuschi F, Dilles J H, Grocke S B, et al.. Rapid Formation of Porphyry Copper Deposits Evidenced by Diffusion of Oxygen and Titanium in Quartz. Geology, 2018, 46(7): 611-614.

[7] Chen Y J, Pirajno F, Qi J P. Origin of Gold Metallogeny and Sources of Ore-Forming Fluids, Jiaodong Province, Eastern China. International Geology Review, 2005, 47(5): 530-549.

[8] Chen Y J, Pirajno F, Wu G, et al.. Epithermal Deposits in North Xinjiang, NW China. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2012, 101(4): 889-917.

[9] Chen L M, Song X Y, Keays R R, et al.. Segregation and Fractionation of Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfides in the Western Jinchuan Intrusion, Northwestern China: Insights from Platinum Group Element Geochemistry. Economic Geology, 2013, 108(8): 1793-1811.

[10] Chen H Y, Wu C, Xiao B, et al.. Superimposed Mineralization Model of Paleozoic Porphyry Copper Deposits in Xinjiang. Earth Science, 2025, 50(11): 4177-4194. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[11] Cherniak D J, Hanchar J M, Watson E B. Diffusion of Tetravalent Cations in Zircon. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1997, 127(4): 383-390.

[12] Cherniak D J, Hanchar J M, Watson E B. Rare-Earth Diffusion in Zircon. Chemical Geology, 1997, 134(4): 289-301.

[13] Cinelu S, Cuney M. Sodic Metasomatism and U-Zr Mineralization: A Model Based on the Kurupung Batholith (Guyana). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2006, 70(18): A103.

[14] Cooke D R, Hollings P, Walshe J L. Giant Porphyry Deposits: Characteristics, Distribution, and Tectonic Controls. Economic Geology, 2005, 100(5): 801-818.

[15] Corfu F. Atlas of Zircon Textures. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2003, 53(1): 469-500.

[16] Cuney M. The Extreme Diversity of Uranium Deposits. Mineralium Deposita, 2009, 44(1): 3-9.

[17] Cuney M, Emetz A, Mercadier J, et al.. Uranium Deposits Associated with Na-Metasomatism from Central Ukraine: A Review of Some of the Major Deposits and Genetic Constraints. Ore Geology Reviews, 2012, 44: 82-106.

[18] Dolníček Z, René M, Hermannová S, et al.. Origin of the Okrouhlá Radouň Episyenite-Hosted Uranium Deposit, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic: Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Constraints. Mineralium Deposita, 2014, 49(4): 409-425.

[19] Fayek M, Harrison T M, Ewing R C, et al.. O and Pb Isotopic Analyses of Uranium Minerals by Ion Microprobe and U-Pb Ages from the Cigar Lake Deposit. Chemical Geology, 2002, 185(3/4): 205-225.

[20] Fayek M, Kyser T K, Riciputi L R. U and Pb Isotope Analysis of Uranium Minerals by Ion Microprobe and the Geochronology of the McArthur River and Sue Zone Uranium Deposits, Saskatchewan, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist, 2002, 40(6): 1553-1570.

[21] Feng X X, Teng X M, Geng J Z. Influence of Alkali Metasomatic Mineralization on Liushuwan Uranium Deposit in Lushi Wulichuan Area, West Henan Province. Earth Science, 2024, 49(4): 1189-1206. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[22] Finch R J, Ewing R C. The Corrosion of Uraninite under Oxidizing Conditions. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1992, 190: 133-156.

[23] Gong J H, Zhang J X, Wang Z Q, et al.. Origin of the Alxa Block, Western China: New Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopes of the Longshoushan Complex. Gondwana Research, 2016, 36: 359-375.

[24] Grant J A. The Isocon Diagram: A Simple Solution to Gresens’ Equation for Metasomatic Alteration. Economic Geology, 1986, 81(8): 1976-1982.

[25] Guo C Y. How to Understand in-situ U-Pb Isotopic Data of Uraninite and Pitchblende. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(4): 1835-1841.

[26] Hall S M, Beard J S, Potter C J, et al.. The Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, USA: Geology, Geochemistry, Geochronology, and Genetic Model. Economic Geology, 2022, 117(2): 273-304.

[27] Hoskin P W O. Trace-Element Composition of Hydrothermal Zircon and the Alteration of Hadean Zircon from the Jack Hills, Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2005, 69(3): 637-648.

[28] Hoskin P W O, Schaltegger U. The Composition of Zircon and Igneous and Metamorphic Petrogenesis. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2003, 53(1): 27-62.

[29] Hu R Z, Bi X W, Zhou M F, et al.. Uranium Metallogenesis in South China and Its Relationship to Crustal Extension during the Cretaceous to Tertiary. Economic Geology, 2008, 103(3): 583-598.

[30] IAEA/NEA. Uranium 2020: Resources, Production, and Demand, 2020. Vienna, Nuclear Energy Agency and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development: 479

[31] Janeczek J, Ewing R C. Dissolution and Alteration of Uraninite under Reducing Conditions. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1992, 190: 157-173.

[32] Jiang Y H, Du F G, Qing L, et al.. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology, Trace Elemental and Lu-Hf Isotopic Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Zircons in the Xiadian Gold Deposit, Eastern North China Craton: Implications for the Timing of Gold Mineralization and the Origin of Ore-Forming Fluids. Ore Geology Reviews, 2019, 111: 102934.

[33] Jiao J G, Han F, Zhao L D, et al.. Magnetite Geochemistry of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, NW China: Implication for Its Ore-Forming Processes. Minerals, 2019, 9(10): 593.

[34] Koppers A A P. ArArCALC: Software for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Age Calculations. Computers & Geosciences, 2002, 28(5): 605-619.

[35] Lawrie K C, Mernagh T P, Ryan C G, et al.. Chemical Fingerprinting of Hydrothermal Zircons: An Example from the Gidginbung High Sulphidation Au-Ag- (Cu) Deposit, New South Wales, Australia. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 2007, 118(1): 37-46.

[36] Li Z Y. Geochemistry Study of the Jiling Granitoids and Uranium Mineralization. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology Geochemistry, 1987, 6: 232-234. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[37] Li X H, Liu Y, Li Q L, et al.. Precise Determination of Phanerozoic Zircon Pb/Pb Age by Multicollector SIMS without External Standardization. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2009, 10(4): 2009GC002400.

[38] Li X H, Li W X, Li Q L, et al.. Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of the ∼ 850 Ma Gangbian Alkaline Complex in South China: Evidence from in Situ Zircon U-Pb Dating, Hf-O Isotopes and Whole-Rock Geochemistry. Lithos, 2010, 114(1/2): 1-15.

[39] Li X H, Long W G, Li Q L, et al.. Penglai Zircon Megacrysts: A Potential New Working Reference Material for Microbeam Determination of Hf-O Isotopes and U-Pb Age. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 2010, 34(2): 117-134.

[40] Li X H, Tang G Q, Gong B, et al.. Qinghu Zircon: A Working Reference for Microbeam Analysis of U-Pb Age and Hf and O Isotopes. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013, 58(36): 4647-4654.

[41] Li X C, Zhou M F, Chen W T, et al.. Uranium-Lead Dating of Hydrothermal Zircon and Monazite from the Sin Quyen Fe-Cu-REE-Au- (U) Deposit, Northwestern Vietnam. Mineralium Deposita, 2018, 53(3): 399-416.

[42] Li J J, Liu H B, Zhang J, et al.. Primary Research of High Flux Engineering Test Reactor (HFETR) for Irradiation of ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar Dating Samples. Earth Science, 2019, 44: 727-737. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[43] Li Z Y, Zhong J, Cai Y Q, et al.. The Characteristics and Deep-Sourced Hotspot Metallogenic Model of the Giant Sodium-Metasomatism Uranium Deposits in the Central Ukraine Shield. Uranium Geology, 2020, 36(4): 217-240. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[44] Liu Y S, Hu Z C, Gao S, et al.. In situ Analysis of Major and Trace Elements of Anhydrous Minerals by LA-ICP-MS without Applying an Internal Standard. Chemical Geology, 2008, 257(1/2): 34-43.

[45] Liu W H, Liu X D, Pan J Y, et al.. Magma Mixing Genesis of the Mafic Enclaves in the Qingshanbao Complex of Longshou Mountain, China: Evidence from Petrology, Geochemistry, and Zircon Chronology. Minerals, 2019, 9(3): 195.

[46] Lobato L M, Fyfe W S. Metamorphism, Metasomatism, and Mineralization at Lagoa Real, Bahia, Brazil. Economic Geology, 1990, 85(5): 968-989.

[47] Lobato L M, Pimentel M M, Cruz S C P, et al.. U-Pb Geochronology of the Lagoa Real Uranium District, Brazil: Implications for the Age of the Uranium Mineralization. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2015, 58: 129-140.

[48] Ludwig K R. User’s Manual for Isoplot/Ex. Version 3.00: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel, 2003. Berkeley, Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication

[49] Luo J C, Hu R Z, Fayek M, et al.. In-situ SIMS Uraninite U-Pb Dating and Genesis of the Xianshi Granite-Hosted Uranium Deposit, South China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2015, 65: 968-978.

[50] Mao J W, Wang Y T, Lehmann B, et al.. Molybdenite Re-Os and Albite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Dating of Cu-Au-Mo and Magnetite Porphyry Systems in the Yangtze River Valley and Metallogenic Implications. Ore Geology Reviews, 2006, 29(3/4): 307-324.

[51] Martz P, Mercadier J, Perret J, et al.. Post-Crystallization Alteration of Natural Uraninites: Implications for Dating, Tracing, and Nuclear Forensics. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2019, 249: 138-159.

[52] Nier A O. A Redetermination of the Relative Abundances of the Isotopes of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, and Potassium. Physical Review, 1950, 77(6): 789-793.

[53] Olivier V, Andre-Mayer A S, Mbaguedje D, et al.. Uranium Mineralization Associated with Na-metasomatism of in the Pan-African A-Type Zabili Granite, Mayo-Kebbi Massif, SW Chad. Mineralium Deposita, 2021, 56: 1297-1319.

[54] Pelleter E, Cheilletz A, Gasquet D, et al.. Hydrothermal Zircons: A Tool for Ion Microprobe U-Pb Dating of Gold Mineralization (Tamlalt-Menhouhou Gold Deposit—Morocco). Chemical Geology, 2007, 245(3/4): 135-161.

[55] Polito P A, Kyser T K, Stanley C. The Proterozoic, Albitite-Hosted, Valhalla Uranium Deposit, Queensland, Australia: A Description of the Alteration Assemblage Associated with Uranium Mineralisation in Diamond Drill Hole V39. Mineralium Deposita, 2009, 44(1): 11-40.

[56] Qi, J. M., Xia, X. P., Qiu, L., et al., 2026. Geology and U-Pb Geochronology of the Qiling Uranium Deposit in the Southern Changjiang Uranium Orefield, South China. Journal of Earth Science.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0221-6

[57] Qiu K F, Yu H C, Wu M Q, et al.. Discrete Zr and REE Mineralization of the Baerzhe Rare-Metal Deposit, China. American Mineralogist, 2019, 104(10): 1487-1502.

[58] Sang H Q, Wang F, He H Y, et al.. Intercalibration of ZBH-25 Biotite Reference Material Untilized for K-Ar and ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar Age Determination. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2006, 22: 3059-3078. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[59] Steiger R H, Jäger E. Subcommission on Geochronology: Convention on the Use of Decay Constants in Geo- and Cosmochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1977, 36(3): 359-362.

[60] Shao D, Han Y G, Wang G, et al.. Quantifying Element Mass Transfer in the Jiling Na-Metasomatic Hydrothermal Uranium Deposit, Northwest China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2024, 173: 106247.

[61] Sharpe R, Fayek M, Quirt D, et al.. Geochronology and Genesis of the Bong Uranium Deposit, Thelon Basin, Nunavut, Canada. Economic Geology, 2015, 110(7): 1759-1777.

[62] Shumlyanskyy L, Mitrokhin O, Billström K, et al.. The ca. 1.8 Ga Mantle Plume Related Magmatism of the Central Part of the Ukrainian Shield. GFF, 2016, 138(1): 86-101.

[63] Shumlyanskyy L, Cuney M, Billström K, et al.. Isotope Systematics of Albitite-Type Uranium Deposits, the Central Ukrainian Uranium Province. Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterisation of Uranium and Thorium Deposits. Final Report of a Coordinated Research Project, 2020147-160

[64] Sillitoe R H. Porphyry Copper Systems. Economic Geology, 2010, 105(1): 3-41.

[65] Sláma J, Košler J, Condon D J, et al.. Plešovice Zircon: A New Natural Reference Material for U-Pb and Hf Isotopic Microanalysis. Chemical Geology, 2008, 249(1/2): 1-35.

[66] Song S G, Niu Y L, Su L, et al.. Continental Orogenesis from Ocean Subduction, Continent Collision/Subduction, to Orogen Collapse, and Orogen Recycling: The Example of the North Qaidam UHPM Belt, NW China. Earth-Science Reviews, 2014, 129: 59-84.

[67] Song X Y, Keays R R, Zhou M F, et al.. Siderophile and Chalcophile Elemental Constraints on the Origin of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu- (PGE) Sulfide Deposit, NW China. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2009, 73(2): 404-424.

[68] Stacey J S, Kramers J D. Approximation of Terrestrial Lead Isotope Evolution by a Two-Stage Model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1975, 26(2): 207-221.

[69] Taylor H P. The Application of Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Studies to Problems of Hydrothermal Alteration and Ore Deposition. Economic Geology, 1974, 69(6): 843-883.

[70] Tang Z L, Li W Y. Mineralization Model and Geology of the Jinchuan Deposit Bearing PGE, 1995. Beijing, Geological Publishing House: 208. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[71] Tang Z L, Yan H Q, Jiao J G, et al.. Regional Metallogenic Controls of Small-Intrusion-Hosted Ni-Cu (PGE) Ore Deposits in China. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(5): 92-101. in Chinese with English Abstract).

[72] Tartèse R, Boulvais P, Poujol M, et al.. Uranium Mobilization from the Variscan Questembert Syntectonic Granite during Fluid-Rock Interaction at Depth. Economic Geology, 2013, 108(2): 379-386.

[73] Turpin L, Maruejol P, Cuney M. U-Pb, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd Chronology of Granitic Basement, Hydrothermal Albitites and Uranium Mineralization (Lagoa Real, South-Bahia, Brazil). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1988, 98(2): 139-147.

[74] Wang, C., Tao, N., 2025. Quantitative Constraints on the Exhumation and Preservation of the Giant Jinchuan Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit. Journal of Earth Science.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0362-7

[75] Wang K X, Yu C D, Yan J, et al.. Petrogenesis of Early Silurian Granitoids in the Longshoushan Area and Their Implications for the Extensional Environment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, China. Lithos, 2019, 342/343: 152-174.

[76] Wang S Y, Fan H H, Gu D Z, et al.. Uranium Mineral Characteristics and Chronology of the Jiling Deposit in the Longshoushan Uranium Metallogenic Belt. Journal of East China Institute of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 43(6): 501-513. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[77] Wang Y J, Pang Y Q, Fan H H, et al.. In-situ Geochronology and Geochemistry of Pitchblende from Xincun Uranium Deposit in Motianling Area, North Guangxi. Earth Science, 2024, 49(4): 1307-1323. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[78] Wang Y J, Qin K Z, Fan H H, et al.. Assessing the Robustness of Uraninite U-Pb Chronometer in Complex Hydrothermal Uranium Ore Systems: Insights from Xiangshan Volcanic-Related Uranium Ore Field, South China. Chemical Geology, 2025, 695: 123058.

[79] Wang Y J, Pang Y Q, Fan H H, et al.. Origin of the Unique Volcanic-Related Uranium-Phosphate Mineralization in Shengyuan Uranium Ore Field, South China: Constraints from Zircon Hf-O Isotopes, Mineral Chemistry and Sulfur Isotope. Ore Geology Reviews, 2026, 191: 107217.

[80] Weirich J R, Isachsen C E, Johnson J R, et al.. Variability of Diffusion of Argon in Albite, Pyroxene, and Olivine in Shocked and Unshocked Samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012, 77: 546-560.

[81] Wilde A. Shear-Hosted Uranium Deposits: A Review. Minerals, 2020, 10(11): 954.

[82] Wilde A, Otto A, Jory J, et al.. Geology and Mineralogy of Uranium Deposits from Mount Isa, Australia: Implications for Albitite Uranium Deposit Models. Minerals, 2013, 3(3): 258-283.

[83] Xin C L, An G B, Sun X H, et al.. Mineralization Characteristics of Uranium Deposit No. 207 in Longshoushan Metallogenic Belt and the Metallogenic Potential of Its Peripheral Area. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2013, 32: 125-134. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[84] Xu J C, Gu X X, Zhang Y M, et al.. Geology, Fluid Inclusions, H-O Isotope, and Hydrothermal Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Daqingshan Orogenic Gold Deposit in Beishan Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, NW China. Mineralium Deposita, 2021, 56(2): 325-342.

[85] Yang W B, Niu H C, Li N B, et al.. Enrichment of REE and HFSE during the Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the Baerzhe Alkaline Granite, NE China: Implications for Rare Metal Mineralization. Lithos, 2020, 358/359: 105411.

[86] Yu C D, Wang K X, Liu X D, et al.. Uranium Mineralogical and Chemical Features of the Na-Metasomatic Type Uranium Deposit in the Longshoushan Metallogenic Belt, Northwestern China. Minerals, 2020, 10(4): 335.

[87] Yu C D, Wang K X, Liu X D, et al.. Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Two Stages of Uranium Mineralization in the Jiling Albitite-Hosted Uranium Deposit, Northwest China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2025, 181: 106616.

[88] Zeng R Y, Lai J Q, Mao X C, et al.. Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of the Early Devonian Lamprophyres and Diorites in the Alxa Block, NW China. Geochemistry, 2021, 81(1): 125685.

[89] Zhai D G, Wu J C, Zhao Q Q, et al.. Alteration and Metallogenic Zonation in Magmatic-Hydrothermal Ore Systems: Scientific Understandings and Exploration Implications. Journal of Earth Science, 2025, 36(3): 1303-1308.

[90] Zhai M G, Zhao Y, Zhao T P. Main Tectonic Events and Metallogeny of the North China Craton, 2016. Singapore, Springer Singapore: 535.

[91] Zhang Z Q, Wang K X, Wang G, et al.. Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significances of the Paleozoic Jiling Syenite in the Mountain Longshou Area, Gansu Province. Geological Review, 2018, 64(4): 1017-1029. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[92] Zhang S, Zhou T F, Zhang Z Z, et al.. In-situ Hydrothermal Zircon U-Pb and Phlogopite ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar Geochronology of Uranium Mineralisation in Luzong Ore District Scientific Drilling (LTZK01), Anhui Province, SE China: Constraints on the Mineralisation Process. Ore Geology Reviews, 2021, 134: 104133.

[93] Zhao R Y, Chen Y C, Chen Y J, et al.. Geological Characteristics and Its Genesis of the Jiling Na-metasomatic Uranium Deposit in Longshou Mountains, Gansu Province. Earth Science, 2020, 45: 90-107. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[94] Zhao R Y, Chen Y J, Wu B, et al.. A Metallogenic Model of the Sodic-Metasomatic Type Uranium Ore Deposit in the Jiling Area of Longshoushan, Gansu Province. Geology and Prospecting, 2013, 49: 67-74. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[95] Zhao Y Y, Zhang S M, Tang L, et al.. Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Characteristics and Its Geological Significance of the Jiling Granitic Pluton in the Middle Longshou Mountains. Earth Science, 2016, 41: 1016-1031. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[96] Zheng Y F. Calculation of Oxygen Isotope Fractionation in Anhydrous Silicate Minerals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1993, 57(5): 1079-1091.

[97] Zhong J, Chen Y J, Pirajno F, et al.. Geology, Geochronology, Fluid Inclusion and H-O Isotope Geochemistry of the Luoboling Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, Zijinshan Orefield, Fujian Province, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2014, 57: 61-77.

[98] Zhong J, Fan H H, Gu D Z, et al.. Major and Trace Element Migration and Metallogenic Processes of the Xinshuijing U-Th Deposit in the Longshoushan Metallogenic Belt, Gansu Province. Geology in China, 2016, 43(4): 1393-1408. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[99] Zhong J, Chen Y J, Pirajno F. Geology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Settings of the Molybdenum Deposits in South China: A Review. Ore Geology Reviews, 2017, 81: 829-855.

[100] Zhong J, Wang S Y, Gu D Z, et al.. Geology and Fluid Geochemistry of the Na-Metasomatism U Deposits in the Longshoushan Uranium Metallogenic Belt, NW China: Constraints on the Ore-Forming Process. Ore Geology Reviews, 2020, 116: 103214.

[101] Zhong J, Li Z Y, Cai Y Q, et al.. The Geological, Geochemical Characteristics and Metallogenic Rules of the Alkaline Metasomatism Uranium Deposits. World Nuclear Geosciences, 2023, 40: 133-151. (in Chinese with English Abstract).

[102] Zhou X Y, Wang K X, Yu C D, et al.. High-Temperature Uranium Mineralization in the Jiling Na-Metasomatism Uranium Deposit, Northwest China: Evidence from the Isotope and Element of Rutile and Apatite. Ore Geology Reviews, 2026, 189: 107118.

[103] Zhu M T, Zhang L C, Dai Y P, et al.. Hydrothermal Modification of Zircon Geochemistry and Lu-Hf Isotopes from the Hongtoushan Cu-Zn Deposit, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2017, 86: 707-718.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, Part of Springer Nature