What Controls the Distribution of Ore Veins in Quartz Vein-Type Tungsten Deposits: Constrains from Fan-Shaped Mineralization in SE China

Abstract

Quartz vein-type tungsten deposits are a common W deposit type. Their ore vein distribution was previously considered to be controlled by regional horizontal tectonic stress. In this paper, 14 tungsten deposits with fan-shaped mineralization in SE China are summarized, and the relations between their ore veins and granite and the ore-forming structural stress field are analyzed. These deposits have a post-magmatic hydrothermal genesis and involve the formation of two sets of veins with similar strike and opposite dips at the top of the ore-causative granite bodies, forming a vertical fan-shaped profile. Their ore veins were coeval with the underlying granite bodies, and generally extend along the long axis of the granite. In such fan-shaped ore formation, the stress is highly focused at the top of the granite and gradually weakens outward. The maximum principal stress (σ1) is perpendicular to the granite contact surface, and radiates outward from the pluton. Meanwhile, the minimum principal stress (σ3) forms an arc-shaped band parallel to the contact surface. Our findings, together with published numerical modeling indicate that the emplacement dynamics of granitic magma (rather than regional horizontal tectonic stress) are essential controls on the distribution of ore veins in quartz vein-type tungsten deposits.

Keywords

quartz vein-type tungsten deposit / fan-shaped mineralization / ore-forming structural stress / emplacement dynamic / granite / SE China / mineral deposits / geochemistry

References

[1] Anderson E M. The Dynamics of the Formation of Cone-Sheets, Ring-Dykes, and Caldron-Subsidences. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1936, 56: 128-157.

[2] Bauer T E, Andersson J B H, Sarlus Z. et al.. Structural Controls on the Setting, Shape, and Hydrothermal Alteration of the Malmberget Iron Oxide-Apatite Deposit, Northern Sweden. Economic Geology, 2018, 113(2): 377-395.

[3] Berthier C, Perret J, Eglinger A. et al.. Pyrite as a Microtextural and Geochemical Tracer of Ore-Forming Processes, Central Zone Orogenic Gold Deposit, Gabgaba District, Sudan. Economic Geology, 2023, 118(5): 1031-1053.

[4] Bons P D, Elburg M A, Gomez-Rivas E. A Review of the Formation of Tectonic Veins and Their Microstructures. Journal of Structural Geology, 2012, 43: 33-62.

[5] Brown M. The Generation, Segregation, Ascent and Emplacement of Granite Magma: The Migmatite-to-Crustally-Derived Granite Connection in Thickened Orogens. Earth-Science Reviews, 1994, 36(1/2): 83-130.

[6] Brown M. Granite: From Genesis to Emplacement. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2013, 125(7/8): 1079-1113.

[7] Cai Y, Lu J J, Ma D S. et al.. Chronology and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Indosinian Dengfuxian Two-Mica Granite in Eastern Hunan Province, China, and Its Significance. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2013, 29(12): 4215-4231(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[8] Chen M H, Mo C S, Huang Z Z. et al.. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Ages of Granitoid Rocks and Molybdenite Re-Os Age of Shedong W-Mo Deposit in Cangwu County of Guangxi and Its Geological Significance. Mineral Deposits, 2011, 30(6): 963-978(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[9] Chen Z L, Liu J, Gong H L. et al.. Late Cenozoic Tectonic Activity and Its Significance in the Northern Junggar Basin, Northwestern China. Tectonophysics, 2011, 497(1/2/3/4): 45-56.

[10] Chen M H, Huang Z Z, Li B. et al.. Geochemistry of Granitoid Rocks of Shedong W-Mo Deposit District in Cangwu County, Guangxi and Its Relation to Mineralization. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(1): 199-212(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[11] Chen Z L, Chen B L. Thinking, Steps and Practice of Research on Orefield Structure in Geomechanics. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2012, 34(4): 208-215. in Chinese with English Abstract)

[12] Chen L L, Ni P, Li W S. et al.. The Link between Fluid Evolution and Vertical Zonation at the Maoping Tungsten Deposit, Southern Jiangxi, China: Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Evidence. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2018, 192: 18-32.

[13] Chen L L, Ni P, Dai B Z. et al.. The Genetic Association between Quartz Vein- and Greisen-Type Mineralization at the Maoping W-Sn Deposit, Southern Jiangxi, China: Insights from Zircon and Cassiterite U-Pb Ages and Cassiterite Trace Element Composition. Minerals, 2019, 9(7): 411.

[14] Chen G HEvolution Process of Ore-Forming Fluids in Maoping Quartz Vein Type Tungsten Deposit, Jiangxi Province: [Dissertation], 2022NanjingNanjing University(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[15] Cox S F, Knackstedt M A, Braun JRichards J P, Tosdal P M. Principles of Structural Control on Permeability and Fluid Flow in Hydrothermal Systems. Structural Controls on Ore Genesis, 2001Littleton, CO, USASociety of Economic Geologists1-2414

[16] Cruden ABrown M, Rushmer T. Emplacement and Growth of Plutons: Implications for Rates of Melting and Mass Transfer in Continental Crust. Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust, 2006CambridgeCambridge University Press

[17] Das R, Zhang Y, Schaubs P. et al.. Modelling Rock Fracturing Caused by Magma Intrusion Using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method. Computational Geosciences, 2014, 18(6): 927-947.

[18] Dong C G, Yu Y C, Liang X Q. et al.. Re-Os Dating of Molybdenite From the Ore-Bearing Quartz Veins in the Xiangdong Tungsten Deposit (Hunan Province) and Its Geological Significance. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2018, 42: 84-95(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[19] Fang G C, Chen Y C, Chen Z H. et al.. Zircon U-Pb and Molybdenite Re-Os Geochronology of the Pangushan Tungsten Deposit in South Jiangxi Province and Its Significance. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2014, 35(1): 76-84(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[20] Fang G C, Kang Z Q, Feng Z H. et al.. Isotopic Characteristics and Geological Significance of He-Ar and H-O of Shedong W-Polymetallic Deposit in Dayaoshan Area, Guangxi. China Tungsten Industry, 2017, 32: 1-7(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[21] Fang G C, Zhao Z, Chen Y C. et al.. Genetic Relationship Between Granitic Magmatism and W Mineralization Recorded in the Nanling Scientific Drilling (SP-NLSD-2) in the Pangushan W Mining District, South China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2018, 101: 556-577.

[22] Fang G C, Wang D H, Feng Z H. et al.. The Fan-Like Distribution of Ore Veins in the Quartz-Vein Type Tungsten Deposits in South China and Its Prospecting Significance. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2021, 45: 523-533(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[23] Fang G C, Wang D H, Feng Z H. et al.. Discovery of Fan-Liked Mineralization in Pangushan Tungsten-Bismuth Deposit, Southern Jiangxi. Geological Review, 2021, 67: 1780-1784(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[24] Fang G C, Xu C, Feng Z H. et al.. Genesis of Quartz Veinlets in the Pangushan W-Bi Deposit, South China: Implications for Exploration of Wolframite Quartz Vein-Type Mineralization. Ore Geology Reviews, 2021, 138: 104413.

[25] Feng Z H, Wang C Z, Wang B H. Granite Magma and Emplacement Mechanisms and Their Relation to Mineralization Process. Journal of Guilin University of Technology, 2009, 29: 183-194(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[26] Feng C Y, Zeng Z L, Zhang D Q. et al.. SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb and Molybdenite Re-Os Isotopic Dating of the Tungsten Deposits in the Tianmenshan-Hongtaoling W-Sn Orefield, Southern Jiangxi Province, China, and Geological Implications. Ore Geology Reviews, 2011, 43(1): 8-25.

[27] Fossen HStructural Geology, 2016CambridgeCambridge University Press.

[28] Gill R, Fitton GIgneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide, 2022LondonJohn Wiley & Son

[29] Gu J Y. Mineralized Veins (Belts) are an Important Indicator for Finding Hidden Deposits. Geological Review, 1979, 25: 47-52(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[30] Guo C L, Mao J W, Bierlein F. et al.. SHRIMP U-Pb (Zircon), Ar-Ar (Muscovite) and Re-Os (Molybdenite) Isotopic Dating of the Taoxikeng Tungsten Deposit, South China Block. Ore Geology Reviews, 2011, 43(1): 26-39.

[31] Han KOre-Controlling Structure-Magma-Fluid-Metallogenetic Regularity and Prospecting Prediction in the W-Mo-Au Polymetallic Ore Concentration Area in Ningshan-Zhen’ an Area, South Qinling, Shaanxi Province: [Dissertation], 2021XianChang’an University(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[32] Hu Z H, Lou F S, Li Y M. et al.. Geochronology, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Ore-related Granite in the Dongping Tungsten Deposit in Wuning County, Jiangxi Province. Earth Science, 2018, 43(0z1): 243-263(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[33] Huang H X, Chen Z H, Lu Y F. et al.. Zircon U-Pb Dating for Xiangdong Tungsten Mineralization Rocks and Its Geological Significance. Journal of East China Institute of Technology (Natural Science), 2014, 37: 26-36(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[34] Jacques D, Muchez P, Sintubin M. Conjugate, Riedel-Shear Vein Arrays: A New Type of En Echelon Vein System. Journal of Structural Geology, 2022, 163: 104725.

[35] Jeffreys H. A Note on Fracture Mechanisms. Royal Society of Edinburgh Proceedings, 1938, 56: 158-163.

[36] Jiang H, Li W Q. Geochemistry of the Meiziwo Monzogranite, Northern Guangdong. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2014, 38(1): 197-207(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[37] Jiang H, Jiang S Y, Li W Q. et al.. Genesis of the Hermyingyi W-Sn Deposit, Southern Myanmar, SE Asia: Constraints from Fluid Inclusion and Multiple Isotope (C, H, O, S, and Pb) Studies. Mineralium Deposita, 2022, 57(7): 1211-1226.

[38] Jiang S Y, Zhao K, Jiang H. et al.. Spatiotemporal Distribution, Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Mechanism of Tungsten and Tin Deposits in China: An Overview. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(9): 3730-3745(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[39] Kelly W C, Rye R O. Geologic, Fluid Inclusion, and Stable Isotope Studies of the Tin-Tungsten Deposits of Panasqueira, Portugal. Economic Geology, 1979, 74(8): 1721-1822.

[40] Kamilli R J, Cole J C, Elliott J E. et al.. Geology and Genesis of the Baid Al Jimalah Tungsten Deposit, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Economic Geology, 1993, 88(7): 1743-1767.

[41] LeBoutillier N GThe Tectonics of Variscan Magmatism and Mineralisation in South West England. Unitid Kingdom, England: [Dissertation], 2002EnglandUniversity of Exeter

[42] Lecumberri-Sanchez P, Vieira R, Heinrich C A. et al.. Fluid-Rock Interaction is Decisive for the Formation of Tungsten Deposits. Geology, 2017, 45(7): 579-582.

[43] Li J M, Li Y M, Lou F S. et al.. A “Five-Storey” Style Quartz Vein Wolframite Deposit in Northern Jiangxi Province: The Discovery of the Dongping Wolframite Deposit and Its Geological Significance. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2016, 37: 379-384(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[44] Li W S, Ni P, Pan J Y. et al.. Fluid Inclusion Characteristics as an Indicator for Tungsten Mineralization in the Mesozoic Yaogangxian Tungsten Deposit, Central Nanling District, South China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2018, 192: 1-17.

[45] Lin X M, Chen G N, Feng Z H. Formation of Meiziwo Tungsten Deposit in North Guangdong. Journal of Guilin University of Technology, 2008, 28: 301-306(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[46] Liu X C, Xing H L, Zhang D H. Fluid Focusing and Its Link to Vertical Morphological Zonation at the Dajishan Vein-Type Tungsten Deposit, South China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2014, 62: 245-258.

[47] Liu Z Q, Liu S B, Liang T. et al.. Structural Analysis of Jiulongnao Orefield in Nanling Area: A Case Study on Taoxikeng Tungsten Deposit. Earth Science Frontiers, 2016, 23: 148-165(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[48] Liu X C, Xiao C H. Wolframite Solubility and Precipitation in Hydrothermal Fluids: Insight from Thermodynamic Modeling. Ore Geology Reviews, 2020, 117: 103289.

[49] Lu J W, Wang Q, Liu C. Numerical Modelling of Fracture Development and Thermal Structure of Host Rocks during Emplacement of Granitic Magma. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2022, 96: 3619-3638(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[50] Mao J W, Pirajno F, Cook N. Mesozoic Metallogeny in East China and Corresponding Geodynamic Settings—An Introduction to the Special Issue. Ore Geology Reviews, 2011, 43(1): 1-7.

[51] Mao J W, Ouyang H Y, Song S W. et al.. Geology and Metallogeny of Tungsten and Tin Deposits in China. SEG Spec. Pub, 2020, 22: 411-482(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[52] Mao J W, Ouyang H, Song S W. et al.Chang Z S, Goldfarb R J. et al.. Chapter 10 Geology and Metallogeny of Tungsten and Tin Deposits in China. Mineral Deposits of China, 2019LittletonSociety of Economic Geologists

[53] Means W DStress and Strain: Basic Concepts of Continuum Mechanics for Geologists, 2012New York, Heidelberg, BerlinSpringer-Verlag

[54] Nanling Tungsten Ore Team of the Metallurgical Department (NTOT). On the Metallogenic Regularity of Tungsten Deposits in Nanling and its Adjacent Areas in China. Geology and Exploration, 1979, 6: 18-28(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[55] Ni P, Li W S, Pan J Y. Ore-Forming Fluid and Metallogenic Mechanism of Wolframite-Quartz Vein-Type Tungsten Deposits in South China. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 2020, 94(6): 1774-1796.

[56] Ni P, Li W S, Pan J Y. et al.. Fluid Processes of Wolframite-Quartz Vein Systems: Progresses and Challenges. Minerals, 2022, 12(2): 237.

[57] Pan Z B, Feng M, Qin Y. et al.. Zircon and Cassiterite U-Pb Ages of Limu Tin Polymetallic Ore Field in Guangxi and Their Geological Significance. Mineral Deposits, 2023, 42: 481-505(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[58] Passchier C W, Trouw R A JMicrotectonics, 2005BerlinSpringer

[59] Pei R F, Li J W, Wang Y L. et al.. Metallogeny of the Tectonomagmatic Emplacing Contact Strctural Systems of the Metallogenic Belt in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze. Geology and Resources, 2011, 20(6): 401-412(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[60] Petford N, Cruden A R, McCaffrey K J. et al.. Granite Magma Formation, Transport and Emplacement in the Earth’s Crust. Nature, 2000, 408(6813): 669-673.

[61] Piquer J, Sanchez-Alfaro P, Pérez-Flores P. A New Model for the Optimal Structural Context for Giant Porphyry Copper Deposit Formation. Geology, 2021, 49(5): 597-601.

[62] Ramsay J G. The Crack-Seal Mechanism of Rock Deformation. Nature, 1980, 284(5752): 135-139.

[63] Sanderson D J, Roberts S, Gumiel P. et al.. Quantitative Analysis of Tin and Tungsten-Bearing Sheeted Vein Systems. Economic Geology, 2008, 103(5): 1043-1056.

[64] Sheng J F, Wang D H, Qin Y. et al.Geology of Mineral Resources in China—Volume of Tungsten Ore, 2018BeijingGeological Publishing House(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[65] Siron C R, Rhys D, Thompson J F H. et al.. Structural Controls on Porphyry Au-Cu and Au-Rich Polymetallic Carbonate-Hosted Replacement Deposits of the Kassandra Mining District, Northern Greece. Economic Geology, 2018, 113(2): 309-345.

[66] Skarmeta J. Structural Controls on Alteration Stages at the Chuquicamata Copper-Molybdenum Deposit, Northern Chile. Economic Geology, 2021, 116(1): 1-28.

[67] Wang D H, Tang J X, Ying L J. et al.. Application of “Five Levels + Basement” Model for Prospecting Deposits into Depth. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2010, 40(4): 733-738(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[68] Wang D H, Chen Z H, Chen Y C. et al.. New Data of the Rock-Forming and Ore-Forming Chronology for China’s Important Mineral Resources Areas. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2010, 84(7): 1030-1040(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[69] Wang D H, Huang F, Wang Y. et al.. Regional Metallogeny of Tungsten-Tin-Polymetallic Deposits in Nanling Region, South China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2020, 120(3): 103305.

[70] Wang D H, Wang Y, Qin J H. et al.Geology of Mineral Resources in China—Volume of Nanling Region, 2022BeijingGeological Publishing House(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[71] Wang Q F, Yang L, Zhao H S. et al.. Towards a Universal Model for Orogenic Gold Systems: A Perspective Based on Chinese Examples with Geodynamic, Temporal, and Deposit-Scale Structural and Geochemical Diversity. Earth-Science Reviews, 2022, 224: 103861.

[72] Wu G Z, Wang D H, Hu Y G. et al.. Metallogenic Epoch of the Two Types of Tungsten Ore Deposits: A Case Study of the Miantuwo and Heshangtian Deposits in Northern Guangdong. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2014, 38(2): 325-333(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[73] Wu M Q, Samson I M, Zhang D H. Textural and Chemical Constraints on the Formation of Disseminated Granite-Hosted W-Ta-Nb Mineralization at the Dajishan Deposit, Nanling Range, Southeastern China. Economic Geology, 2017, 112(4): 855-887.

[74] Xie G Q, Mao J W, Li W. et al.. Granite-Related Yangjiashan Tungsten Deposit, Southern China. Mineralium Deposita, 2019, 54(1): 67-80.

[75] Xu K Q, Liu Y J, Yu S Y. Types and Distribution of Tungsten Ores in China. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Science Edition), 1959, 2: 31-49114–116 (in Chinese)

[76] Xu K Q, Zhu J C. Time-Space Distribution of Tin/Tungsten Deposits in South China and Controlling Factors of Mineralization. Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, 1988Berlin HeidelbergSpringerOctober 26–30, 1988

[77] Xu K L, Zhu Z CStructural Geology, 1989BeijingGeological Publishing House

[78] Yan C, Chen Z H, Yang L Q. et al.. He-Ar and H-O Isotope Characteristics and Source of Ore-Forming Fluid Tracer of the Hunan Dengfuxian Tungsten Tin Polymetallic Deposit. North China Geology, 2017, 40: 196-202(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[79] Yang X H, Hu W J, Zhong Q H. et al.. Geological Characteristics, Ore Controlling Factors and Prospecting Indicators of Dongping Quartz Vein Type Wolframite Deposit in Jiangxi. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2019, 49: 1301-1316(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[80] Yang J H, Zhang Z, Peng J T. et al.. Metal Source and Wolframite Precipitation Process at the Xihuashan Tungsten Deposit, South China: Insights from Mineralogy, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope. Ore Geology Reviews, 2019, 111: 102965.

[81] Yang S W, Lou F S, Xu C. et al.. Two Significant Quartz-Wolframite-Veining Mineralization Events in the Jiangnan Orogen, South China: Constraints from in-situ U-Pb Dating of Wolframite in the Dongping and Dahutang W-(Cu-Mo) Deposits. Ore Geology Reviews, 2022, 141: 104598.

[82] Yu J H, Cai Y F, Sun T. et al.. Distribution and Enrichment of Rare Metal Elements in the Basement Rocks of South China: Controls on Rare-Metal Mineralization. Ore Geology Reviews, 2023, 163: 105797.

[83] Yuan S D, Williams-Jones A E, Mao J W. et al.. The Origin of the Zhangjialong Tungsten Deposit, South China: Implications for W-Sn Mineralization in Large Granite Batholiths. Economic Geology, 2018, 113(5): 1193-1208.

[84] Yuan S D, Williams-Jones A E, Romer R L. et al.. Protolith-Related Thermal Controls on the Decoupling of Sn and W in Sn-W Metallogenic Provinces: Insights from the Nanling Region, China. Economic Geology, 2019, 114(5): 1005-1012.

[85] Zhai W, Sun X M, Wu Y S. et al.. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Dating of the Buried Granodiorite and Muscovite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Dating of Mineralization and Geological Implications of Meiziwo Tungsten Deposit, North Guangdong Province, China. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2010, 16(2): 177-185(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[86] Zhang W SGeological Characteristics of Tungsten-Molybdenum Ore Field and Study on the Relationship Between Hidden Rock Masses and Mineralization in Western Zhen’ an, South Qinling: [Dissertation], 2020Xi’anChang’an University(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[87] Zhang D, Zhao K D, Wang B D. et al.. Cretaceous Granitic Magmatism and Mineralization in the Shanhu W-Sn Ore Deposit in the Nanling Range in South China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2020, 126(6): 103758.

[88] Zhao P L, Chu X, Williams-Jones A E. et al.. The Role of Phyllosilicate Partial Melting in Segregating Tungsten and Tin Deposits in W-Sn Metallogenic Provinces. Geology, 2022, 50(1): 121-125.

[89] Zhao Z, Liu C, Guo N X. et al.. Temporal and Spatial Relationships of Granitic Magmatism and W Mineralization: Insights from the Xingguo Orefield, South China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2018, 95: 945-973.

[90] Zhou M F, Gao J F, Zhao Z. et al.. Introduction to the Special Issue of Mesozoic W-Sn Deposits in South China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2018, 101: 432-436.

[91] Zhou M W. Geological Characteristics and Metallogenic Model of Heshangtian W-Sn Polymetallic Deposit, Guangdong Province. Geology and Mineral Resources of South China, 2014, 30: 146-154(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[92] Zhu J, Peng S, Liu J. The Discovery of Fluorite Ore Spots in the Contact Zone of Cretaceous Lingshan Granitic Batholith in the Western Dabie Orogenic Belt. Geology in China, 2020, 47(2): 550-551(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[93] Zhu J, Wang L X, Ma J. et al.. Early Cretaceous Granitic Dykes in the Western Dabie Orogen, China: Geochronology, Petrogenesis, and Tectonic Implications. Geological Journal, 2019, 54(6): 3574-3592.

[94] Zhu J, Wu C, Peng S. et al.. Geochronology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks from the Huangchengshan Volcanogenic Epithermal Silver Deposit, Dabie Orogen, China: Implications for Tectonic Setting. Earth Science, 2018, 43(7): 2404-2419(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[95] Zhu J, Wu C, Peng S. et al.. U-Pb Zircon Age, Geochemistry and Isotopic Characteristics of the Tanchong and Chenchong Granites in the Western Dabie Orogen, China: Constraints on Petrogenesis and Timing of Lower Crustal Delamination. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2019, 93(7): 1671-1686(in Chinese with English Abstract)

[96] Zou X Y, Qin K Z, Han X L. et al.. Insight into Zircon REE Oxy-Barometers: A Lattice Strain Model Perspective. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2019, 506: 87-96.

[97] Zou X Y, Qin K Z, Han X L. et al.. Insight into Zircon REE Oxy-Barometers: A Lattice Strain Model Perspective. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2019, 506: 87-96.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, Part of Springer Nature