Geological Genesis of Alkaline Magnesium-Type Groundwater within the Ophiolitic Rocks Areas in Southwestern Turkey

Abstract

The groundwaters within the ophiolite nappes in the southwestern part of Turkey have different physical and geochemical characteristics and are divided into five different groundwater facies. These are (1) Mg-HCO₃, (2) Mg-HCO₃-CO₃, (3) Mg-CO₃-HCO₃, (4) Na-Ca-Cl-CO₃, and (5) Ca-Mg-HCO₃. The waters interact with ophiolites, mainly made up of basic-ultrabasic rocks, are characterized by alkaline and hyperalkaline character. Alkaline waters have high Mg, HCO₃ contents and Mg/Ca ratio, and hyperalkaline water has high Na, Ca contents, and low Mg/Ca ratio. The waters in the study area formed by the interaction of meteoric waters with variously serpentinized ultramafic rocks under low-temperature conditions. Silicate weathering is the main hydrogeochemical process that plays a role in the chemical composition of water. Mg-HCO₃-type groundwaters are produced under open-system conditions with respect to CO₂ due to meteoric water-serpentinized peridotite interactions in a shallow environment. Deep-seated groundwaters are Na-Ca-Cl-CO₃-type waters with high pH (TN-8 sample with pH 10.72), depleted in terms of Mg due to water-peridotite interaction under closed-system conditions with respect to CO₂. Salda Lake with an alkaline character and high Mg and Na content is characterized by high evaporation and hydromagnesite deposition.

Keywords

southwestern Turkey / hydrogeochemistry / alkaline water / ophiolite water / groundwater

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