Genesis of High Ba-Sr Yashan Intrusion from the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: Implications for the Destruction of the North China Craton

Abstract

The origin of the Mesozoic high Ba-Sr (HBS) granitic magmatism in the Jiaodong Peninsula remains controversial in petrogenesis models and geodynamic settings. Here, we report zircon U-Pb age, trace element and oxygen isotope compositions, and whole-rock major-trace element and Sr-Nd isotope compositions of the HBS Yashan granodiorite. The zircon U-Pb age of ∼118 Ma denotes that the Yashan granodiorite belongs to the Weideshan-stage magmatic activity, which is consistent with the age of Mo mineralization in the Yashan intrusion. The low Sr/Y (48.8–115) and high (La/Yb)_N (23.8–50.4) ratios of the Yashan granodiorite are analogous to adakitic features derived from the lower-crust. This is also supported by the whole-rock initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.709 6–0.710 3) and zircon δ⁸O values (6.79‰–8.03‰). Contemporaneous mantle-derived mafic microgranular enclaves indicate the involvement of the metasomatized lithospheric mantle. The high magma oxygen fugacity of the Yashan intrusion as indicated by high zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ values suggests the involvement of plate subduction. The obviously lower Dy/Yb, La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios of magmatic rocks in the Weideshan-stage than those in the early-stage imply lithospheric thinning of the eastern North China Craton. We propose that the Yashan HBS granodiorite was formed by crust-mantle interactions during slab rollback.

Keywords

Yashan / magmatic intrusion / high Ba-Sr / Jiaodong Peninsula / crust-mantle interaction / North China Craton

References

[1] Bersan S M, de Oliveira Costa A F, Danderfer A, . Paleoproterozoic Juvenile Magmatism within the Northeastern Sector of the São Francisco Paleocontinent: Insights from the Shoshonitic High Ba-Sr Montezuma Granitoids. Geoscience Frontiers, 2020, 11(5): 1821-1840.

[2] Bruand E, Storey C, Fowler M. Accessory Mineral Chemistry of High Ba-Sr Granites from Northern Scotland: Constraints on Petrogenesis and Records of Whole-Rock Signature. Journal of Petrology, 2014, 55(8): 1619-1651.

[3] Cai Y C, Fan H R, Santosh M, . Evolution of the Lithospheric Mantle beneath the Southeastern North China Craton: Constraints from Mafic Dikes in the Jiaobei Terrain. Gondwana Research, 2013, 24(2): 601-621.

[4] Castillo P R. Adakite Petrogenesis. Lithos, 2012, 134/135: 304-316.

[5] Chen B, Jahn B M, Suzuki K. Petrological and Nd-Sr-Os Isotopic Constraints on the Origin of High-Mg Adakitic Rocks from the North China Craton: Tectonic Implications. Geology, 2013, 41(1): 91-94.

[6] Chen S, Wang X H, Niu Y L, . Simple and Cost-Effective Methods for Precise Analysis of Trace Element Abundances in Geological Materials with ICP-MS. Science Bulletin, 2017, 62(4): 277-289.

[7] Cheng S B, Liu Z J, Wang Q F, . Mineralization Age and Geodynamic Background for the Shangjiazhuang Mo Deposit in the Jiaodong Gold Province, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 2017, 80: 876-890.

[8] Choi S G, Rajesh V J, Seo J, . Petrology, Geochronology and Tectonic Implications of Mesozoic High Ba-Sr Granites in the Haemi Area, Hongseong Belt, South Korea. Island Arc, 2008, 18(2): 266-281.

[9] Defant M J, Drummond M S. Derivation of Some Modern Arc Magmas by Melting of Young Subducted Lithosphere. Nature, 1990, 347(6294): 662-665.

[10] Deng J, Wang C M, Bagas L, . Cretaceous-Cenozoic Tectonic History of the Jiaojia Fault and Gold Mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb, Illite K-Ar, and Apatite Fission Track Thermochronometry. Mineralium Deposita, 2015, 50(8): 987-1006.

[11] Deng J, Wang C M, Bagas L, . Crustal Architecture and Metallogenesis in the South-Eastern North China Craton. Earth-Science Reviews, 2018, 182: 251-272.

[12] Deng J, Yang L Q, Groves D I, . An Integrated Mineral System Model for the Gold Deposits of the Giant Jiaodong Province, Eastern China. Earth-Science Reviews, 2020, 208(2): 103274

[13] Fowler M B, Henney P J, Darbyshire D P F, . Petrogenesis of High Ba-Sr Granites: The Rogart Pluton, Sutherland. Journal of the Geological Society, 2001, 158 3 521-534.

[14] Fowler M B, Kocks H, Darbyshire D P F, . Petrogenesis of High Ba-Sr Plutons from the Northern Highlands Terrane of the British Caledonian Province. Lithos, 2008, 105(1/2): 129-148.

[15] Gale A, Dalton C A, Langmuir C H, . The Mean Composition of Ocean Ridge Basalts. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2013, 14(3): 489-518.

[16] Gao S, Zhang B R, Jin Z M, . How Mafic is the Lower Continental Crust?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1998, 161(1/2/3/4): 101-117.

[17] Gao S, Zhang J F, Xu W L, . Delamination and Destruction of the North China Craton. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(19): 3367

[18] Goss S C, Wilde S A, Wu F Y, . The Age, Isotopic Signature and Significance of the Youngest Mesozoic Granitoids in the Jiaodong Terrane, Shandong Province, North China Craton. Lithos, 2010, 120 3/4 309-326.

[19] Guan Q, Zhu D C, Zhao Z D, . Crustal Thickening Prior to 38 Ma in Southern Tibet: Evidence from Lower Crust-Derived Adakitic Magmatism in the Gangdese Batholith. Gondwana Research, 2012, 21(1): 88-99.

[20] Guo F, Fan W M, Li C W, . Hf-Nd-O Isotopic Evidence for Melting of Recycled Sediments beneath the Sulu Orogen, North China. Chemical Geology, 2014, 381: 243-258.

[21] Hayden L A, Watson E B. Rutile Saturation in Hydrous Siliceous Melts and Its Bearing on Ti-Thermometry of Quartz and Zircon. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2007, 258(3/4): 561-568.

[22] Hong L B, Xu Y G, Zhang L, . Oxidized Late Mesozoic Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle beneath the Eastern North China Craton: A Clue to Understanding Cratonic Destruction. Gondwana Research, 2020, 81: 230-239.

[23] Hu F F, Fan H R, Yang J H, . Magma Mixing for the Origin of Granodiorite: Geochemical, Sr-Nd Isotopic and Zircon Hf Isotopic Evidence of Dioritic Enclaves and Host Rocks from Changshannan Granodiorite in the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2005, 21: 569-586.

[24] Jahn B M, Wu F Y, Lo C H, . Crust-Mantle Interaction Induced by Deep Subduction of the Continental Crust: Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Evidence from Post-Collisional Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions of the Northern Dabie Complex, Central China. Chemical Geology, 1999, 157(1/2): 119-146.

[25] Jiang Y H, Liu Z, Jia R Y, . Miocene Potassic Granite-Syenite Association in Western Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Shoshonitic and High Ba-Sr Granite Genesis. Lithos, 2012, 134/135: 146-162.

[26] Kuang Y S, Wei X, Hong L B, . Petrogenetic Evaluation of the Laohutai Basalts from North China Craton: Melting of a Two-Component Source during Lithospheric Thinning in the Late Cretaceous-Early Cenozoic. Lithos, 2012, 154: 68-82.

[27] Li C Y, Sun S J, Guo X, . Recent Progresses in Plate Subduction and Element Recycling. Solid Earth Sciences, 2020, 5(1): 1-7.

[28] Li J W, Bi S J, Selby D, . Giant Mesozoic Gold Provinces Related to the Destruction of the North China Craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012, 349/350: 26-37.

[29] Li J, Song M C, Wang M Y, . The Molybdenite Re-Os Age and Genetic Analysis of the Shangjiazhuang Mo Deposit in Jiaodong Area. Geology in China, 2013, 40: 1612-1621.

[30] Li J, Zhang L P, Song M C, . Formation Mechanism of Shuiwangzhuang Gold Deposit in Jiaodong Peninsula: Constraints from S-H-O Isotopes and Fluid Inclusions. Earth Science, 2021, 46(5): 1569-1584

[31] Li J, Li C Y, Liang J L, . Mineralization of the Shangjiazhuang Mo Deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Constraints from S-H-O Isotopes and Fluid Inclusions. Solid Earth Sciences, 2021, 6(4): 370-384.

[32] Li X H, Fan H R, Zhang Y W, . Rapid Exhumation of the Northern Jiaobei Terrane, North China Craton in the Early Cretaceous: Insights from Al-in-Hornblende Barometry and U-Pb Geochronology. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2018, 160: 365-379.

[33] Li X H, Fan H R, Hu F F, . Linking Lithospheric Thinning and Magmatic Evolution of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Granitoids in the Jiaobei Terrane, Southeastern North China Craton. Lithos, 2019, 324/325: 280-296.

[34] Li X H, Fan H R, Santosh M, . Mesozoic Felsic Dikes in the Jiaobei Terrane, Southeastern North China Craton: Constraints from Zircon Geochronology and Geochemistry, and Implications for Gold Metallogeny. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2019, 201: 40-55.

[35] Li X Y, Li S Z, Huang F, . Petrogenesis of High Ba-Sr Plutons with High Sr/Y Ratios in an Intracontinental Setting: Evidence from Early Cretaceous Fushan Monzonites, Central North China Craton. Geological Magazine, 2019, 156(12): 1965-1981.

[36] Liang H Y, Campbell I H, Allen C, . Zircon Ce⁴/Ce³ Ratios and Ages for Yulong Ore-Bearing Porphyries in Eastern Tibet. Mineralium Deposita, 2006, 41(2): 152-159.

[37] Liang Y, Liu X, Wang Q, . Late Mesozoic Magmatism in the Jiaodong Peninsula, East China: Implications for Crust-Mantle Interactions and Lithospheric Thinning of the Eastern North China Craton. Geoscience Frontiers, 2020, 11(3): 895-914.

[38] Ling M X, Wang F Y, Ding X, . Different Origins of Adakites from the Dabie Mountains and the Lower Yangtze River Belt, Eastern China: Geochemical Constraints. International Geology Review, 2011, 53(5/6): 727-740.

[39] Liu H, Liao R, Zhang L, . Plate Subduction, Oxygen Fugacity, and Mineralization. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2020, 38(1): 64-74.

[40] Liu S A, Li S G, He Y S, . Geochemical Contrasts between Early Cretaceous Ore-Bearing and Ore-Barren High-Mg Adakites in Central-Eastern China: Implications for Petrogenesis and Cu-Au Mineralization. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2010, 74(24): 7160-7178.

[41] Liu S, Hu R Z, Gao S, . Petrogenesis of Late Mesozoic Mafic Dykes in the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern North China Craton and Implications for the Foundering of Lower Crust. Lithos, 2009, 113(3/4): 621-639.

[42] Liu X Y, Tan J, Wang H H, . Petrogenesis and Tectonic Setting of the Late Jurassic Low-Mg Adakitic Granites in the Fanjiazhuang Area, Jiaodong Peninsula. Earth Science, 2020, 45(2): 451-466

[43] Liu Y S, Hu Z C, Gao S, . In situ Analysis of Major and Trace Elements of Anhydrous Minerals by LA-ICP-MS without Applying an Internal Standard. Chemical Geology, 2008, 257(1/2): 34-43.

[44] Liu Y S, Hu Z C, Zong K Q, . Reappraisement and Refinement of Zircon U-Pb Isotope and Trace Element Analyses by LA-ICP-MS. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(15): 1535-1546.

[45] Ma L, Jiang S Y, Dai B Z, . Multiple Sources for the Origin of Late Jurassic Linglong Adakitic Granite in the Shandong Peninsula, Eastern China: Zircon U-Pb Geochronological, Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Evidence. Lithos, 2013, 162/163: 251-263.

[46] Ma Q, Zheng J P, Xu Y G, . Are Continental “Adakites” Derived from Thickened or Foundered Lower Crust?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2015, 419: 125-133.

[47] Maniar P D, Piccoli P M. Tectonic Discrimination of Granitoid. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1989, 101: 635-643.

[48] Moreira H, Seixas L, Storey C, . Evolution of Siderian Juvenile Crust to Rhyacian High Ba-Sr Magmatism in the Mineiro Belt, Southern São Francisco Craton. Geoscience Frontiers, 2018, 9(4): 977-995.

[49] Pan F B, Zhang H F, Xu W C, . U-Pb Zircon Dating, Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Compositions of Motuo Quartz-Monzonite: Implication for the Genesis and Diversity of the High Ba-Sr Granitoids in Orogenic Belt. Tectonophysics, 2016, 668/669: 52-64.

[50] Peccerillo A, Taylor S. Geochemistry of Eocene Calc-alkaline Volcanic Rocks from the Kastamonu Area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1976, 58: 63-81.

[51] Peng T, Wilde S A, Fan W, . Late Neoarchean Potassic High Ba-Sr Granites in the Taishan Granite-Greenstone Terrane: Petrogenesis and Implications for Continental Crustal Evolution. Chemical Geology, 2013, 344: 23-41.

[52] Perinelli C, Andreozzi G, Conte A M, . Redox State of Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle and Relationships with Metasomatism: Insights from Sinel Pridotites from Northern Victoria Land (Antarctica). Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2012, 164: 1053-1067.

[53] Qiu L G, Ren F L, Cao Z X, . Late Mesozoic Magmatic Activities and Their Constraints on Geotectonics of Jiaodong Region. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2008, 32(1): 117-123

[54] Ren L, Liang H, Bao Z, . The Petrogenesis of Early Paleozoic High-Ba-Sr Intrusions in the North Qinling Terrane, China, and Tectonic Implications. Lithos, 2018, 314/315: 534-550.

[55] Roberts N M W, Spencer C J. The Zircon Archive of Continent Formation through Time. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2015, 389(1): 197-225.

[56] Song M C, Li S Z, Santosh M, . Types, Characteristics and Metallogenesis of Gold Deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern North China Craton. Ore Geology Reviews, 2015, 65: 612-625.

[57] Song M C, Zhou J B, Song Y X, . Mesozoic Weideshan Granitoid Suite and Its Relationship to Large-Scale Gold Mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China. Geological Journal, 2020, 55(8): 5703-5724.

[58] Sun P, Niu Y L, Guo P Y, . Multiple Mantle Metasomatism beneath the Leizhou Peninsula, South China: Evidence from Elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf Isotope Geochemistry of the Late Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks. International Geology Review, 2019, 61(14): 1768-1785.

[59] Sun S S, McDonough W F. Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts: Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1989, 42(1): 313-345.

[60] Sun W D, Ling M X, Chung S L, . Geochemical Constraints on Adakites of Different Origins and Copper Mineralization. The Journal of Geology, 2012, 120(1): 105-120.

[61] Sun W D, Li S, Yang X Y, . Large-Scale Gold Mineralization in Eastern China Induced by an Early Cretaceous Clockwise Change in Pacific Plate Motions. International Geology Review, 2013, 55(3): 311-321.

[62] Tarney J, Jones C E. Trace Element Geochemistry of Orogenic Igneous Rocks and Crustal Growth Models. Journal of the Geological Society, 1994, 151(5): 855-868.

[63] Trotter J, Williams I, Barnes C, . Did Cooling Oceans Trigger Ordovician Biodiversification? Evidence from Conodont Thermometry. Science, 2008, 321: 550-554.

[64] Valley J W, Lackey J S, Cavosie A J, . 4.4 Billion Years of Crustal Maturation: Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Magmatic Zircon. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2005, 150(6): 561-580.

[65] Wang W, Zeng L, Gao L-E, . Eocene-Oligocene Potassic High Ba-Sr Granitoids in the Southeastern Tibet: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications. Lithos, 2018, 322: 38-51.

[66] Wang Y Y, Zeng L S, Chen F K, . The Evolution of High Ba-Sr Granitoid Magmatism from “Crust-Mantle” Interaction: A Record from the Laoshan and Huyanshan Complexes in the Central North China Craton. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2017, 33(12): 3873-3896

[67] Wang Z L, Yang L Q, Deng J, . Gold-Hosting High Ba-Sr Granitoids in the Xincheng Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, East China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Setting. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2014, 95: 274-299.

[68] Wu F Y, Yang J H, Xu Y G, . Destruction of the North China Craton in the Mesozoic. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2019, 47: 173-195.

[69] Xu Y G. Thermo-Tectonic Destruction of the Archaean Lithospheric Keel beneath the Sino-Korean Craton in China: Evidence, Timing and Mechanism. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy, 2001, 26(9/10): 747-757.

[70] Yang L Q, Dilek Y, Wang Z L, . Late Jurassic, High Ba-Sr Linglong Granites in the Jiaodong Peninsula, East China: Lower Crustal Melting Products in the Eastern North China Craton. Geological Magazine, 2017, 155(5): 1040-1062.

[71] Ye H M, Li X H, Li Z X, . Age and Origin of High Ba-Sr Appinite-Granites at the Northwestern Margin of the Tibet Plateau: Implications for Early Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Western Kunlun Orogenic Belt. Gondwana Research, 2008, 13(1): 126-138.

[72] Zhai M G, Fan H R, Yang J H, . Large-Scale Cluster of Gold Deposits in East Shandong: Anorogenic Metallogenesis. Earth Science Frontiers, 2004, 11(1): 85-98

[73] Zhang H F, Sun M, Zhou X H, . Mesozoic Lithosphere Destruction beneath the North China Craton: Evidence from Major-, Trace-Element and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotope Studies of Fangcheng Basalts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2002, 144(2): 241-254.

[74] Zhang H F. Neoarchean Recycling of ¹⁸O-Enriched Supracrustal Materials into the Lower Crust: Zircon Record from the North China Craton. Precambrian Research, 2014, 248: 60-71.

[75] Zhang H F, Zhai M G, Tong Y, . Petrogenesis of the Sanfoshan High-Ba-Sr Granite, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China. Geological Review, 2006, 52(1): 43-53

[76] Zhang J, Zhao Z F, Zheng Y F, . Zircon Hf-O Isotope and Whole-Rock Geochemical Constraints on Origin of Postcollisional Mafic to Felsic Dykes in the Sulu Orogen. Lithos, 2012, 136–139: 225-245.

[77] Zhang L P, Hu Y B, Liang J L, . Adakitic Rocks Associated with the Shilu Copper-Molybdenum Deposit in the Yangchun Basin, South China, and Their Tectonic Implications. Acta Geochimica, 2017, 36(2): 132-150.

[78] Zhang L Q, Zhang H F, Hawkesworth C, . Sediment Contribution in Post-Collisional High Ba-Sr Magmatism: Evidence from the Xijing Pluton in the Alxa Block, NW China. Gondwana Research, 2019, 69: 177-192.

[79] Zhang L, Weinberg R F, Yang L Q, . Mesozoic Orogenic Gold Mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China: A Focused Event at 120 ± 2 Ma During Cooling of Pregold Granite Intrusions. Economic Geology, 2020, 115(2): 415-441.

[80] Zhang L P, Hu Y B, Deng J H, . Genesis and Mineralization Potential of the Late Cretaceous Chemen Granodioritic Intrusion in the Southern Gangdese Magmatic Belt, Tibet. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2021, 217: 104829

[81] Zhang Y Y, Sun M, Yuan C, . Magma Mixing Origin for High Ba-Sr Granitic Pluton in the Bayankhongor Area, Central Mongolia: Response to Slab Roll-Back. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2015, 113 353-368.

[82] Zhang Z K, Ling M X, Lin W, . “Yanshanian Movement” Induced by the Westward Subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. Solid Earth Sciences, 2020, 5(2): 103-114.

[83] Zhang Z K, Ling M X, Zhang L P, . High Oxygen Fugacity Magma: Implication for the Destruction of the North China Craton. Acta Geochimica, 2020, 39(2): 161-171.

[84] Zhao G C, Sun M, Wilde S A, . Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic Evolution of the North China Craton: Key Issues Revisited. Precambrian Research, 2005, 136(2): 177-202.

[85] Zhao G C, Zhai M G. Lithotectonic Elements of Precambrian Basement in the North China Craton: Review and Tectonic Implications. Gondwana Research, 2013, 23(4): 1207-1240.

[86] Zhu R X, Xu Y G, Zhu G, . Destruction of the North China Craton. Science China Earth Sciences, 2012, 55(10): 1565-1587.

[87] Zhu R X, Fan H R, Li J W, . Decratonic Gold Deposits. Science China Earth Sciences, 2015, 58(9): 1523-1537.

[88] Zhu R X, Zhang H F, Zhu G, . Craton Destruction and Related Resources. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2017, 106(7): 2233-2257.

[89] Zhu R X, Xu Y G. The Subduction of the West Pacific Plate and the Destruction of the North China Craton. Science China Earth Sciences, 2019, 62(9): 1340-1350.

[90] Zhu R X, Sun W D. The Big Mantle Wedge and Decratonic Gold Deposits. Science China Earth Sciences, 2021, 64(9): 1451-1462.