Genesis of the Binh Do Pb-Zn Deposit in Northern Vietnam: Evidence from H-O-S-Pb Isotope Geochemistry

Abstract

The Binh Do Pb-Zn deposit in the Phu Luong region (Thai Nguyen Province, northern Vietnam) is located on the southern margin of the South China Block. The fault-controlled Pb-Zn orebodies are mainly hosted in Upper Paleozoic carbonate formations. In order to reveal the mineralization type and metallogenesis of this deposit, multi-isotopic (S, Pb, H and O) analyses on typical ore and gangue minerals were conducted. The average ore sulfide δ³⁴S_ΣS value is 4.3‰, suggestive of magmatic sulfur. The ore sulfide Pb isotope compositions are homogeneous, with the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and ²⁰8Pb/204Pb values of 18 501 to 18 673 15.707 to 15 798, and 38 911 to 39.428, respectively. Lead isotope model ages of the ore sulfides (240-220 Ma) are consistent with the timing of regional Triassic S-type granite emplacement (250-220 Ma), suggesting that the metals may have been granite-derived. The quartz δD_V-SMOW (-82.4‰ to -70.5‰) and δ¹⁸O_H2O (-0.4‰ to +6.4‰) values suggest that the ore-forming fluids were composed of mixed magmatic and meteoric waters. Combined with the geological features of the Pb-Zn deposit in the region, we propose that the Pb-Zn deposits belong to magmatic-hydrothermal type, rather than MVT-type as previously suggested. The Triassic granites may have contributed the ore-forming material and heat that drove the hydro-thermal system. The ore-forming fluids may have migrated into interlayer faults and fractures of the carbonate strata, diluted by subsurface meteoric water and deposited successively the vein-type and stratiform-type Pb-Zn ores.

Keywords

Binh Do deposit / northern Vietnam / Pb-Zn belt / Triassic granitoids / isotope / geochemistry

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