Piaoac Granites Related W-Sn Mineralization, Northern Vietnam: Evidences from Geochemistry, Zircon Geochronology and Hf Isotopes

Abstract

Piaoac granites exposed in the Cao Bang region, northern Vietnam, are S-type granite, which are associated with W-Sn-Mo-Be-F mineralization. Zircon U-Pb ages, major and trace elements, mineral chemical and Hf isotopic compositions of the W-Sn-bearing granites from the Piaoac District have been investigated in detail. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircon grains from these granites yielded ages of 82.5±2.3 and 82±1.8 Ma, representing an episode of Late Cretaceous magmatic event. These granites are characterized by high peraluminous and have typical S-type geochemical signatures with high SiO₂ (72.37 wt.%-73.07 wt.%), high A/CNK values (1.61-1.65) and Аl₂О₃ (14.4 wt.%-15 wt.%). They are enriched in Rb, U, K, Th, Ta and Pb and display pronounced negative Ba, Sr, Nb, Ti and Eu (Eu/Eu*=0.19-0.24) anomalies. The high degree of fractional crystallization is characterized by low Rb, Sr, Ba and Eu concentrations with high ratios of La/Sm and Eu/Eu*. Zircon grains show ε _Hf(t) values from -9.69 to -0.9 and the corresponding T _Dm2 range from 1.2 to 1.7 Ga, indicating that these granites could be derived from the Proterozoic basement rocks with minor input from mantle-derived magmas. The calculation of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ of biotites indicates a low oxygen fugacity condition (log $f_{\text{O}_{2}}$ ranging from 10^-17 to 10^-18 bars, below MH), which is favorable for the W-Sn mineralization. Tungsten and tin have been enriched in granitic magmas through fractionation, and low oxygen fugacity conditions have promoted the accumulation and transportation of W-Sn in the hydrothermal fluids, leading to deposition of mineral phases. The geochemical data suggest that Piaoac granites formed in an extensional setting related with the Late Cretaceous magmatism occurring large-scale lithospheric extensional in South China Block.

Keywords

geochemistry / zircon U-Pb age / Hf isotope / Piaoac granite / W-Sn mineralization / Northern Vietnam

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