Channel Sandstone Architecture Characterization by Seismic Simulation

Abstract

To describe the distribution of sandstone reservoirs between wells finely, this paper takes the sandstone reservoir of Layer NmII-4 in Qinhuangdao 32–6 Oilfield for example, and uses the seismic forward simulation and well loggings to study the channel sandstone reservoir. Under the guidance of the modern rivers and outcrops sandstone distribution pattern, the predicting limitations of the seismic forward simulation about channel sandstone boundaries such as mudstone interlayer between channel sandstone and elevation distance between adjacent channel sandstone are clear. The research shows that the mudstone interlayer can be described by seismic forward simulation seismic when the mudstone interlayer is thicker than 2 m and the channel sandstone is thicker than 10 m because of the appearance of the seismic peak when the main frequency of seismic data is nearly 60 Hz. And the elevation distance between adjacent channel sandstone can be described by the seismic forward simulation when elevation distance is longer than 6 m and the channel sandstone is thicker than 10 m because of the appearance of the seismic peak. And the seismic waveform features of single channel sandstone boundaries such as elevation distance between channels, overbank sandstone and abandoned channels. Under the study mentioned above, the single channel boundaries are described in Layer NmII-4 of Qinhuangdao 32–6 Oilfield, and the predicting boundaries are confirmed by the chemical tracers. The results show that the channel sandstone reservoir architecture characterization can be improved by the seismic forward simulation.

Keywords

architecture / overbank sandstone / seismic / abandoned channel

References

[1] Brice J. C. Evolution of Meander Loops. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1974, 85 4 581

[2] Bridge J. S., Tye R. S. Interpreting the Dimensions of Ancient Fluvial Channel Bars, Channels, and Channel Belts from Wireline-Logs and Cores. AAPG Bulletin, 2000, 84(8): 1205-1228.

[3] Cross T. A. Stratigraphic Controls on Reservoir Attributes in Continental Strata. Earth Science Frontiers, 2000, 7(4): 322-350.

[4] Donselaar M. E., Overeem I. Connectivity of Fluvial Point-Bar Deposit: An Example from the Miocene Huesca Fluvial Fan, Ebro Basin, Spain. AAPG Bulletin, 2008, 92(9): 1109-1129.

[5] Díaz-Molina M., Muñoz-García M. B. Sedimentary Facies and Three-Dimensional Reconstructions of Upper Oligocene Meander Belts from the Loranca Basin, Spain. AAPG Bulletin, 2010, 94(2): 241-257.

[6] Du W., Jiang Z. X., Zhang Y., . Sequence Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Facies in the Lower Member of the Permian Shanxi Formation, Northeastern Ordos Basin, China. Journal of Earth Science, 2013, 24(1): 75-88.

[7] Ji M., Wang S. X., Li S. J. An Analysis of Attribute Prediction Result in Seismic Physical Modeling. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2007, 34(3): 339-341.

[8] Jiao Y. Q., Yan J. X., Li S. T., . Architectural Units and Heterogeneity of Channel Reservoirs in the Karamay Formation, Outcrop Area of Karamay Oilfield, Junggar Basin, Northwest China. AAPG Bulletin, 2005, 89(4): 529-545.

[9] Leclair S. F., Bridge J. S. Quantitative Interpretation of Sedimentary Structures Formed by River Dunes. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2001, 71: 713-716.

[10] Leeder M. R. Fluviatile Fining-Upwards Cycles and the Magnitude of Palaeochannels. Geological Magazine, 1973, 110(3): 265-276.

[11] Leopold L. B., Wolman M. G., Miller J. P. Fluvial Processesin Geomorphology, 1964.

[12] Liu J. M., Xu S. Y. Reservoir Sedimentary Model of Fluvial Facies and Its Control to Remaining Oil Distribution. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2003, 24(1): 58-62.

[13] Lorenz J. C., Heinze D. M., Clark J. A. Determination of Widths of Meander-Belt Sandstone Reservoirs from Vertical Downhole Data, Mesaverde Group, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado. AAPG Bulletin, 1985, 69(2): 710-721.

[14] Lü C. L., Yao Y. J., Gong Y. H., . Deepwater Canyons Reworked by Bottom Currents: Sedimentary Evolution and Genetic Model. Journal of Earth Science, 2012, 23(5): 731-743.

[15] Lu X. H. Aplication of Spectral Decomposition Technology in Meandering Reservoir Prediction. Journal of Oil and Gas Techonolgy, 2011, 33(3): 76-80.

[16] Ma S. Z., Yang Q. Y. The Distribution Model, 3-D Architecture and Heterogeneous Model of Point Bar in Meandering Channels. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2000, 18(2): 241-247.

[17] Meehan R. L., Shlemon R. J. The Sequence Stratigraphy of Fluvial Depositional Systems: The Role of Floodplain Sediment Storage—A Comment. Sedimentary Geology, 1993, 92(3/4): 289-290.

[18] Miall A. D. Architectural-Element Analysis: A New Method of Facies Analysis Applied to Fluvial Deposits. Earth-Science Reviews, 1985, 22(4): 261-308.

[19] Miall A. D. Reservoir Heterogeneities in Fluvial Sandstones: Lessons from Outcrop Studies. AAPG Bulletin, 1988, 72(6): 682-697.

[20] Schumm S. A. Fluvial Paleochannels. In: Rigby, J. K., Hamblin, W. K., eds., Recognition of Ancient Sedimentary Environments. SEPM Special Published, 1972, 16: 98-107.

[21] Tan X. C., Xia Q. S., Chen J. S., . Basin-Scale Sand Deposition in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China: Sedimentary Framework and Conceptual Model. Journal of Earth Science, 2013, 24(1): 89-103.

[22] Wang J., Chen Y. L., Guo B. X. 3D Visualization Interpretation Technique of Channels. OGP, 2005, 40(6): 677-681.

[23] Wang S. R., Wang S. P., Di B. Prediction of Channel Sandbody Based on Seismic Attributes. OGP, 2009, 44(3): 304-313.

[24] Wang Y. G., Xie D., Yue Y. X. Application of Seismic Attribute Analysis Technology in Reservoir Prediction. Journal of China University of Petroleum: Edition of Natural Science, 2003, 27(3): 30-32.

[25] Wu S. H., Yue D. L., Liu J. M., . Hierarchy Modeling of Subsurface Palaeochannel Reservoir Architecture, 2008, 126-137.

[26] Xu A. N., Mu L. X., Qiu Y. N. Distribution Pattern of OOIP and Remaining Mobile Oil in Different Types of Sedimentary Reservoir of China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1998, 25(5): 41-44.

[27] Xue P. H. An Introduction to Reservoir Models of Point Bar Facies, 1991, 55-63.

[28] Yu Q. T. A Study on Remaining Oil. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1997, 24(2): 46-50.

[29] Yu X. H. Existing Problems and Sedimentogenesis-Based Methods of Reservoir Characterization during the Middle and Later Periods of Oil Field Development. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012, 19(2): 1-14.

[30] Yu X. H., Ma X. X., Mu L. X. Braided River Reservoir Geological Model and Hierarchical Interface Analysis, 2004.

[31] Yue D. L., Wu S. H., Tan H. Q. An Anatomy of Paleochannel Reservoir Architecture of Meandering River Reservoir: Case Study of Guantao Formation, the West 7th Block of Gudon Oilfield. Earth Science Frontiers, 2008, 15(1): 101-109.

[32] Yue D. L., Wu S. H., Cheng H. M. Numerical Reservoir Simulation and Remaining Oil Distribution Patterns Based on 3D Reservoir Architecture Model. Journal of China University of Petroleum: Edition of Natural Science, 2008, 32(2): 21-27.

[33] Yue D. L., Wu S. H., Liu J. M. An Accurate-E Method for Anatomizing Architecture of Subsurface Reservoir in Point Bar Meandering River. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2007, 28(4): 99-103.

[34] Zhou Y. B. The Study on Reservoir Architecture and Flow Units of Meandering Channel: [Dissertation], 2009.

[35] Zou X. N., Sun W., Zhang M. B. Braided Channel Characters in Palustrine Environment and Its Identified Methods. OGP, 2005, 40(4): 438-443.