Petrogenesis and Ore Genesis of the Late Yanshanian Granites and Associated Porphyry-Skarn W-Mo Deposits from the Yunkai Area of South China: Evidence from the Zircon U-Pb Ages, Hf Isotopes and Sulfide S-Fe Isotopes

Abstract

There are a wide range of magmatism and mineralization in the Yunkai area of South China during the Late Yanshanian Period, including the newly discovered Michang, Youmapo, Sanchachong and Songwang porphyry-skarn W-Mo deposits. In this study, we obtained zircon U-Pb ages of the ore-bearing biotite granites and their mafic enclaves from 88±1 to 110±1 Ma. Zircons from the granites show Hf isotopic compositions with negative ε _Hf(t) values of -5.9 to -0.6 and calculated Hf model ages (T _DM2) of 1.5-1.2 Ga; indicating that the Middle Proterozoic crustal materials may have provided an important source for the magmatic rocks in this district during the Late Yanshanian Period, whereas zircons from the mafic enclaves show positive ε _Hf(t) values of 1.3 to 10.1 with younger Hf model ages (T _DM2) of 0.5-1.1 Ga, suggesting a mantle component may have involved in the granitic magma generation. Sulfur isotope study of the sulfide minerals from the W-Mo deposits show a narrow δ ³⁴S distribution with most data ranging from -4.2‰ to 5.2‰. In addition, this study reports the first Fe isotopic compositions of pyrite in the W-Mo deposits, which show a uniform distribution range with the values near zero (δ ⁵⁶Fe=0.16‰-0.58‰, average 0.35‰; δ ⁵⁷Fe=0.02‰-0.54‰, average 0.48‰). These data indicate that the ore-forming materials may come from the deep-sourced granitic magma, and the mineralizations show a close relationship with the granitic magmatism during the Late Yanshanian Period. Combining with previous results, we suggest that there is a widespread porphyry-skarn W-Mo mineralization in the Yunkai area during the Late Cretaceous (80-110 Ma), which has a close relationship with the Late Yanshanian magmatism that may have formed during the rollback of the subducted Pacific Plate.

Keywords

zircon U-Pb age / Hf isotopes / S-Fe isotopes / granitic magmatism / Late Yanshanian / Yunkai area

References

Bekker A., Barley M. E., Fiorentini M. L., . Atmospheric Sulfur in Archean Komatiite–Hosted Nickel Deposits. Science, 2009, 326(5956): 1086-1089.

Bi S. J., Yang Z., Li W., . Discovery of Late Cretaceous Baoshan Porphyry Copper Deposit in Dayaoshan, Qinhang Metallogenic Belt: Constraints from Zircon U–Pb Age and Hf Isotope. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2015, 40(9): 1458-1479.

Blichert–Toft J., Chauvel C., Albarède F. Separation of Hf and Lu for High–Precision Isotope Analysis of Rock Samples by Magnetic Sector–Multiple Collector ICP–MS. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1997, 127(3): 248-260.

Cai M. H., He L. Q., Liu G. Q., . SHRIMP Zircon U–Pb Dating of the Intrusive Rocks in the Dachang Tin–Polymetallic Ore Field, Guangxi and Their Geological Significance. Geological Review, 2006, 52(3): 409-414.

Chen C. H., Liu Y. H., Lee C. Y., . Geochronology of Granulite, Charnockite and Gneiss in the Poly–Metamorphosed Gaozhou Complex (Yunkai Massif), South China: Emphasis on the In–Situ EMP Monazite Dating. Lithos, 2012, 144–145: 109-129.

Chen F. W., Li H. Q., Mei Y. P. Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb Chronology of Mineralization of the Longtoushan Porphyry Gold Orefield, Gui County, Guangxi. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(7): 921-926.

Chen J. F., Zhou T. X., Yin C. S. 40Ar–39Ar Dating of Several Mesozoic Plutons in Southeastern Zhejiang Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 1991, 7(3): 37-44.

Chen M. H., Mo C. S., Huang Z. Z., . Zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb Ages of Granitoid Rocks and Molybdenite Re–Os Age of Shedong W–Mo Deposit in Cangwu County of Guangxi and Its Geological Dignificance. Mineral Deposits, 2011, 30(6): 963-978.

Chen Y. C., Pei R. F., Zhang H. L. The Geology of Nonferrous and Rare Metal Deposits Related to Mesozoic Granitoids in the Nanling Region, China. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 1990, 20(1): 79-85.

Cheng Y. B., Mao J. W., Chang Z. S., . The Origin of the World Class Tin–Polymetallic Deposits in the Gejiu District, SW China: Constraints from Metal Zoning Characteristics and 40Ar–39Ar Geochronology. Ore Geology Reviews, 2013, 53(2): 50-62.

Dauphas N., Van Z. M., Wadhwa M., . Clues from Fe Isotope Variations on the Origin of Early Archean BIFs from Greenland. Science, 2004, 306(5704): 2077-2080.

Deng X. G., Chen Z. G., Li X. H., . SHRIMP U–Pb Zircon Dating of the Darongshan–Shiwandashan Granitoid Belt in Southeastern Guangxi, China. Geological Review, 2004, 50(4): 426-432.

Ding X., Jiang S. Y., Zhao K. D., . In–Situ U–Pb SIMS Dating and Trace Element (EMPA) Composition of Zircon from a Granodiorite Porphyry in the Wushan Copper Deposit, China. Mineralogy and Petrology, 2005, 86(1/2): 29-44.

Dong C. W., Xu X. S., Yan Q., . A New Case of Late Mesozoic Crust–Mantle Interaction in Eastern Zhejiang: Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Ru’ao Diabase–Granite Composite Intrusions. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2007, 23(6): 1303-1312.

Dong C. W., Zhou X. M., Li H. M., . Late Mesozoic Crust–Mantle Interaction in Southeastern Fujian. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1997, 42(6): 495-498.

Duan R. C., Ling W. L., Li Q., . Correlations of the Late Yanshanian Tectonomagmatic Events with Metallogenesis in South China: Geochemical Constraints from the Longtoushan Gold Ore Deposit of the Dayaoshan Area, Guangxi Province. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2011, 85(10): 1644-1658.

Fu Q., Ge W. S., Wen C. S., . Geochemistry and Genesis of Michang Granites and Their Dark Microgranular Enclaves in Guangxi. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2011, 32(3): 293-303.

Fu Q., Ge W. S., Wen C. S., . Geochemistry and Genesis of Youmapo W–Mo Deposit in Guangxi. Mineral Deposits, 2014, 33(4): 785-794.

Geng H. Y., Xu X. S. O., Reilly S. Y., . Cretaceous Volcanic–Intrusive Magmatism in Western Guangdong and Its Geological Significance. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2006, 49(7): 696-713.

GGST Guangxi Geology Survey Team Reports on 1: 50 000 Regional Geological Surveys of Yulin, Longsheng, Shatian, Michang. Report of Guangxi Geology Survey Team. Nanning, 1986.

Gilder S. A., Gill J., Coe R. S., . Isotopic and Paleomagnetic Constraints on the Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of South China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1996, 101(B7): 16137-16154.

Graham S., Pearson N., Jackson S., . Tracing Cu and Fe from Source to Porphyry: In Situ Determination of Cu and Fe Isotope Ratios in Sulfides from the Grasberg Cu–Au Deposit. Chemical Geology, 2004, 207(3/4): 147-169.

Griffin W. L., Pearson N. J., Belousova E., . The Hf Isotope Composition of Cratonic Mantle: LAM–MC–ICPMS Analysis of Zircon Megacrysts in Kimberlites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2000, 64(1): 133-147.

Griffin W. L., Wang X., Jackson S. E., . Zircon Chemistry and Magma Mixing, SE China: In Situ Analysis of Hf Isotopes, Tonglu and Pingtan Igneous Complexes. Lithos, 2002, 61(3–4): 237-269.

Guo F., Fan W. M., Li C. W., . Multi–Stage Crust–Mantle Interaction in SE China: Temporal, Thermal and Compositional Constraints from the Mesozoic Felsic Volcanic Rocks in Eastern Guangdong–Fujian Provinces. Lithos, 2012, 150(7): 62-84.

Hofmann A., Bekker A., Rouxel O., . Multiple Sulphur and Iron Isotope Composition of Detrital Pyrite in Archaean Sedimentary Rocks: A New Tool for Provenance Analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2009, 286(3/4): 436-445.

Hu Z. C., Gao S., Liu Y. S., . Signal Enhancement in Laser Ablation ICP–MS by Addition of Nitrogen in the Central Channel Gas. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2008, 23(8): 1093-1101.

Hu Z. C., Liu Y. S., Gao S., . A Local Aerosol Extraction Strategy for the Determination of the Aerosol Composition in Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2008, 23(9): 1192-1203.

Hu Z. C., Liu Y. S., Gao S., . Improved In Situ Hf Isotope Ratio Analysis of Zircon Using Newly Designed X Skimmer Cone and Jet Sample Cone in Combination with the Addition of Nitrogen by Laser Ablation Multiple Collector ICP–MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2012, 27(9): 1391-1399.

Hu Z. C., Liu Y. S., Gao S., . A “Wire” Signal Smoothing Device for Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy, 2012, 78: 50-57.

Hua R. M., Zhang W. L., Chen P. R., . Relationship between Caledonian Granitoids and Large–Scale Mineralization in South China. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2013, 19(1): 1-11.

Jiang S. Y., Xu R. M., Zhu Z. Y., . Study on Mesozoic Tectonics and Granitic Magmatism and Their Relationship with Cu–Au Mineralization in the Jiurui Ore District, Jiangxi Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2013, 29(12): 4051-4068.

Jiang S. Y., Zhao K. D., Jiang Y. H., . A New Type of Tin Mineralization Related to Granite in South China: Evidence from Mineral Chemistry, Element and Isotope Geochemistry. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2006, 22(10): 2509-2516.

Jiang S. Y., Zhao K. D., Jiang Y. H., . Characteristics and Genesis of Mesozoic A–Type Granites and Associated Mineral Deposits in the Southern Hunan and Northern Guangxi Provinces along the Shi–Hang Belt, South China. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2008, 14: 283-294.

Johnson C. M., Beard B. L., Beukes N. J., . Ancient Geochemical Cycling in the Earth as Inferred from Fe Isotope Studies of Banded Iron Forations from the Transvaal Craton. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology, 2003, 144(5): 523-547.

Li B., Jiang S. Y., Zhang Q., . Geochemistry, Geochronology and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf Isotopic Compositions of Middle to Late Jurassic Syenite–Granodiorites–Dacite in South China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications. Gondwana Research, 2016, 35: 217-237.

Li J. W., Li X. H., Pei R. F., . Re–Os Age of Molybdenite from the Southern Ore Zone of the Wushan Copper Deposit, Jiangxi Province, and Its Geological Significance. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007, 81(6): 801-807.

Li L., Jiang S. Y. Petrogenesis and Geochemistry of the Dengjiashan Porphyritic Granodiorite, Jiujiang–Ruichang Metallogenic District of the Middle–Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009, 25: 2877-2888.

Li Q., Duan R. C., Ling W. L., . Detrital Zircon U–Pb Geochronology of the Early Paleozoic Strata in Eastern Guangxi and Its Constraint on the Caledonian Tectonic Nature of the Cathaysian Continental Block. Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2009, 34(1): 189-202.

Li Q., Jiang S. Y. Trace and Rare Earth Element Characteristics in Fe–Mn Carbonates Associated with Stratiform Ag–Pb–Zn Mineralization from the Lengshuikeng Ore District, Jiangxi Province: Implications for Their Genesis and Depositional Environment. Journal of Earth Science, 2016, 27(4): 571-583.

Li S. R., Wang D. H., Liang T., . Metallogenic Epochs of the Damingshan Tungsten Deposit in Guangxi and Its Prospecting Potential. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(7): 873-879.

Li X., Feng Z., Xiao R., . Spatial and Temporal Distributions and the Geological Setting of the W–Sn Mo–Nb–Ta Deposits at the Northeast Guangxi, South China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, 86(11): 1713-1725.

Li X. H., Hu R. Z., Rao B. Geochronology and Geochemistry of Cretaceous Mafic Dikes from Northern Guangdong, SE China. Geochimica, 1997, 26(2): 14-31.

Li X. H., Li W. X., Wang X. C., . SIMS U–Pb Zircon Geochronology of Porphyry Cu–Au–(Mo) Deposits in the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, Eastern China: Magmatic Response to Early Cretaceous Lithospheric Extension. Lithos, 2010, 119(3/4): 427-438.

Li Y. J., Wei J. H., Yao C. L., . Zircon U–Pb Dating and Tectonic Significance of the Shipingchuan Granite in Southeastern Zhejiang Province, SE China. Geological Review, 2009, 55(5): 673-684.

Li Z., Qiu J. S., Xu X. S. Geochronological, Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf Isotopic Constraints on Petrogenesis of Late Mesozoic Gabbro–granite Complexes on the Southeast Coast of Fujian, South China: Insights into a Depleted Mantle Source Region and Crust–Mantle Interactions. Geological Magazine, 2012, 149(3): 459-482.

Li Z. X., Li X. H. Formation of the 1 300–km–Wide Intracontinental Orogen and Postorogenic Magmatic Province in Mesozoic South China: A Flat–Slab Subduction Model. Geology, 2007, 35 2 179

Li Z. X., Li X. H., Wartho J. A., . Magmatic and Metamorphic Events during the Early Paleozoic Wuyi–Yunkai Orogeny, Southeastern South China: New Age Constraints and Pressure–Temperature Conditions. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2009, 122(5/6): 772-793.

Liang T., Wang D. H., Hou K. J., . LA–MC–ICP–MS Zircon U–Pb Dating of Longxianggai Pluton in Dachang of Guangxi and Its Geological Significance. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(6): 1624-1636.

Ling H. F., Shen W. Z., Sun T., . Genesis and Source Characteristics of 22 Yanshanian Granites in Guangdong Province: Study of Element and Nd–Sr Isotopes. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2006, 22(11): 2687-2703.

Liu R., Zhou H. W., Zhang L., . Zircon U–Pb Ages and Hf Isotope Compositions of the Mayuan Migmatite Complex, NW Fujian Province, Southeast China: Constraints on the Timing and Nature of a Regional Tectonothermal Event Associated with the Caledonian Orogeny. Lithos, 2010, 119(3/4): 163-180.

Liu S., Wang D., Chen Y., . 40Ar/39Ar Ages of Muscovite from Different Types Tungsten–Bearing Quartz Veins in the Chong–Yu–You Concentrated Mineral Area in Gannan Region and Its Geological Significance. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(7): 932-940.

Liu X., Fan H. R., Santosh M., . Remelting of Neoproterozoic Relict Volcanic Arcs in the Middle Jurassic: Implication for the Formation of the Dexing Porphyry Copper Deposit, Southeastern China. Lithos, 2012, 150(10): 85-100.

Ludwig K. R. Isoplot/EX Version 3.0, A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, Berkeley, 2003.

Mao J. W., Chen M. H., Yuan S. D., . Geological Characteristics of the Qinhang (or Shihang) Metallogenic Belt in South China and Spatial–Temporal Distribution Regularity of Mineral Deposits. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2011, 85(5): 636-658.

Mao J. W., Xie G. Q., Guo C. L. Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Mesozoic Ore Deposits in South China and Their Metallogenic Settings. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2008, 14(4): 510-526.

Martin H., Bonin B., Capdevila R., . The Kuiqi Peralkaline Granitic Complex (SE China): Petrology and Geochemistry. Journal of Petrology, 1994, 35(4): 983-1015.

Ohmoto H. Systematics of Sulfur and Carbon Isotopes in Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. Economic Geology, 1972, 67(5): 551-578.

Ohmoto, H., Rye, R. O., 1979. Isotopes of Sulfur and Carbon. In: Barnes, H. L., ed., Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. Wiley–Interscience, New York. 509–567

Peng S. B., Jin Z. M., Fu J. M., . The Geochemical Evidences and Tectonic Significance of Neoproterozoic Ophiolite in Yunkai District, Western Guangdong Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(6): 814-825.

Qin X. F., Pan Y. M., Li J., . Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb Geochronology of the Yunkai Metamorphic Complex in Southeastern Guangxi, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 2006, 25(5): 553-559.

Qiu J. S., Wang D. Z., McInnes B. I. A. Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the I–and A–Type Composite Granite Masses in the Coastal Area of Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 1999, 15(2): 237-246.

Qiu J. S., Xiao E., Hu J., . Petrogenesis of Highly Fractionated I–Type Granites in the Coastal Area of Northeastern Fujian Province: Constraints from Zircon U–Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry and Nd–Hf Isotopes. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2008, 24(11): 2468-2484.

Scherer E., Muenker C., Mezger K. Calibration of the Lutetium–Hafnium Clock. Science, 2001, 293(5530): 683-687.

Segal I., Halicz L., Platzner I. T. Accurate Isotope Ratio Measurements of Ytterbium by Multiple Collection Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Applying Erbium and Hafnium in an Improved Double External Normalization Procedure. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2003, 18(10): 1217-1223.

Sharma R. Indian Deep–Sea Environment Experiment (Index): A Study for Environmental Impact of Deep Seabed Mining in Central Indian Ocean. Deep–Sea Research II, 2001, 48: 3295-3426.

Tang L. M., Chen H. L., Dong C. W., . Late Mesozoic Tectonic Extension in SE China: Evidence from the Basic Dike Swarms in Hainan Island, China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2010, 26(4): 1204-1216.

Tang Y. L. Geological Characteristics and Ore Controlling Factors of the Songwang W–Sn–Mo Deposit in Bobai County, Guangxi Province. Mineral Resources and Geology, 2009, 23(2): 158-162.

Wan Y. S., Liu D. Y., Wilde S. A., . Evolution of the Yunkai Terrane, South China: Evidence from SHRIMP Zircon U–Pb Dating, Geochemistry and Nd Isotope. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2010, 37(2): 140-153.

Wang D. H., Chen Y. C., Chen W., . Dating of the Dachang Superlarge Tin–Polymetallic Deposit in Guangxi and Its Implication for the Genesis of the No. 100 Orebody. Acta Geologica Sinica—English Edition, 2010, 78(2): 452-458.

Wang D. Z., Shen W. Z. Genesis of Granitoids and Crustal Evolution in Southeast China. Earth Science Frontiers, 2003, 10(3): 209-220.

Wang L. J., Griffin W. L., Yu J. H., . Precambrian Crustal Evolution of the Yangtze Block Tracked by Detrital Zircons from Neoproterozoic Sedimentary Rocks. Precambrian Research, 2010, 177(1/2): 131-144.

Wang Q., Zhao Z. H., Jian P., . Geochronology of Cretaceous A–Type Granitoids or Alkaline Intrusive Rocks in the Hinterland, South China: Constraints from Late Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2005, 21(3): 795-808.

Wang Y., Zhu X. K., Mao J. W., . Iron Isotope Fractionation during Skarn–Type Metallogeny: A Case Study of Xinqiao Cu–S–Fe–Au Deposit in the Middle–Lower Yangtze Valley. Ore Geology Reviews, 2011, 43(1): 194-202.

Wang Y. J., Fan W. M., Zhang G. W., . Phanerozoic Tectonics of the South China Block: Key Observations and Controversies. Gondwana Research, 2013, 23(4): 1273-1305.

Wang Y. J., Fan W. M., Zhao G. C., . Zircon U–Pb Geochronology of Gneissic Rocks in the Yunkai Massif and Its Implications on the Caledonian Event in the South China Block. Gondwana Research, 2007, 12(4): 404-416.

Wang Y. J., Wu C. M., Zhang A. M., . Kwangsian and Indosinian Reworking of the Eastern South China Block: Constraints on Zircon U–Pb Geochronology and Metamorphism of Amphibolites and Granulites. Lithos, 2012, 150(5): 227-242.

Wang Y. J., Zhang A. M., Fan W. M., . Kwangsian Crustal Anatexis within the Eastern South China Block: Geochemical, Zircon U–Pb Geochronological and Hf Isotopic Fingerprints from the Gneissoid Granites of Wugong and Wuyi–Yunkai Domains. Lithos, 2011, 127(1/2): 239-260.

Wiedenbeck M., Alle P., Corfu F., . Three Natural Zircon Standards for U–Th–Pb, Lu–Hf, Trace Element and REE Analyses. Geostandards Newsletter, 1995, 19(1): 1-23.

Woodhead J., Hergt J., Shelley M., . Zircon Hf–Isotope Analysis with an Excimer Laser, Depth Profiling, Ablation of Complex Geometries, and Concomitant Age Estimation. Chemical Geology, 2004, 209(1/2): 121-135.

Wu J., Liang H. Y., Huang W. T., . Indosinian Isotope Ages of Plutons and Deposits in Southwestern Miaoershan–Yuechengling, Northeastern Guangxi and Implications on Indosinian Mineralization in South China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2012, 57(9): 1024-1035.

Wu L. S., Zou X. Q. Re–Os Isotopic Age Study of the Chengmenshan Copper Deposit, Jiangxi Province. Mineral Deposits, 1997, 16(4): 376-381.

Xiao E., Qiu J. S., Xu X. S., . Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Yaokeng Alkaline Granitic Pluton in Zhejiang Province: Petrogenetic and Tectonic Implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2007, 23(6): 1431-1440.

Xie G. Q., Hu R. Z., Jia D. C. Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and Its Significance of Mafic Dikes from Northwest Jiangxi Province. Geochimica, 2002, 31(4): 329-337.

Xu B., Jiang S. Y., Wang R., . Late Cretaceous Granites from the Giant Dulong Sn–Polymetallic Ore District in Yunnan Province, South China: Geochronology, Geochemistry, Mineral Chemistry and Nd–Hf Isotopic Compositions. Lithos, 2015, 218–219: 54-72.

Xu X. S., Zhou X. M. O., Reilly Y. S., . Genesis of Granitoids and Crustal Evolution in Southeast China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 1999, 15(2): 217-223.

Xu Y. M., Jiang S. Y., Zhu Z. Y., . Geochronology, Geochemistry and Mineralization of the Quartz Diorite–Porphyrite and Granodiorite Porphyry in the Shanshangwan Area of the Jiurui Ore District, Jiangxi Privince. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(10): 3306-3324.

Xu Y. M., Jiang S. Y., Zhu Z. Y., . Geochronology, Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Ore–Bearing and Ore–Barren Intermediate–Acid Intrusive Rocks from the Jiurui Ore District, Jiangxi Province and Their Geological Implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2013, 29(12): 4291-4310.

Yang S. Y., Jiang S. Y., Li L., . Late Mesozoic Magmatism of the Jiurui Mineralization District in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, Eastern China: Precise U–Pb Ages and Geodynamic Implications. Gondwana Research, 2011, 20(4): 831-843.

Yang Z., Liu R., Wang X., . Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of Late Yanshanian Granites in the Yunkai Area, Southeast China: Evidence from Zircon U–Pb Ages and Lu–Hf Isotopes. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2014, 39(9): 1258-1276.

Ye Z. G. Geological Characteristics and Ore Controlling Factors of the Sanchachong W Deposit in Bobai County, Guangxi Province. Land and Resources of Southern China, 2005, 12: 31-34.

Yu J. H. O., Reilly S. Y., Wang L. J., . Where was South China in the Rodinia Supercontinent?. Precambrian Research, 2008, 164(1/2): 1-15.

Yu J. H. O., Reilly S. Y., Wang L. J., . Components and Episodic Growth of Precambrian Crust in the Cathaysia Block, South China: Evidence from U–Pb Ages and Hf Isotopes of Zircons in Neoproterozoic Sediments. Precambrian Research, 2010, 181(1–4): 97-114.

Yu M. G., Xing G. F., Shen J. L., . Chronologic Study on Volcanic Rocks in the Mt. Yandangshan World Geopark. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(11): 1683-1690.

Yui T. F., Okamoto K., Usuki T., . Late Triassic–Late Cretaceous Accretion/Subduction in the Taiwan Region along the Eastern Margin of South China—Evidence from Zircon SHRIMP Dating. International Geology Review, 2009, 51(4): 304-328.

Zhang F. F., Wang Y. J., Zhang A. M., . Geochronological and Geochemical Constraints on the Petrogenesis of Middle Paleozoic (Kwangsian) Massive Granites in the Eastern South China Block. Lithos, 2012, 150(5): 188-208.

Zhao K. D., Jiang S. Y., Jiang Y. H., . SHRIMP U–Pb Dating of the Furong Unit of Qitangling Granite from Southeast Hunan Province and Their Geological Implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2006, 22(10): 2611-2616.

Zhao K. D., Jiang S. Y., Yang S. Y., . Mineral Chemistry, Trace Elements and Sr–Nd–Hf Isotope Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Cailing and Furong Granites and Mafic Enclaves from the Qitianling Batholith in the Shi–Hang Zone, South China. Gondwana Research, 2012, 22(1): 310-324.

Zhong K. B., Huang F. Y. Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Potential of the Michang W–Mo Deposit in Luchuan County, Guangxi Province. Land and Resources of Southern China, 2007, 9: 27-31.

Zhou Q., Jiang Y. H., Liao S. Y., . SHRIMP Ziron U–Pb Dating and Hf Isotope Studies of the Diroite Porphyrite from the Dexing Copper Depoist. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, 86(11): 1726-1734.

Zhou X. M., Sun T., Shen W. Z., . Petrogenesis of Mesozoic Granitoids and Volcanic Rocks in South China: A Response to Tectonic Evolution. Episodes, 2006, 29(1): 26-33.

Zhou X. W., Cui S. Q., Wen J., . Re–Os Isotope Dating of the Liguifu Tungsten–Tin Polymetallic Deposit in Dupangling Area, Guangxi. Geology in China, 2009, 36(4): 837-844.

Zhou Y. Z., Zhen Y., Zeng C. Q., . On the Understanding of Qinzhou Bay–Hangzhou Bay Metallogenic Belt, South China. Earth Science Frontiers, 2015, 22(2): 1-6.

Zhu X. K., Li Z. H., Tang S. H., . Fe Isotope Characteristics of Early Precambrian Pyrite Deposits and Their Geological Significance: Examples from Shandong and Hebei Provinces. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2008, 27(5): 429-434.