Petrochemistry and tectonic setting of the Middle Triassic arc-like volcanic rocks in the Sayabouli area, NW Laos

Abstract

The volcanic rocks from the Sayabouli area in northwestern Laos have been poorly studied. These volcanic rocks are traditionally mapped as the Permian–Early Triassic sequences on the geological map. One basaltic-andesite from the Sayabouli area yields a zircon U-Pb age of 237.7±1.7 Ma, suggesting a Middle Triassic origin. All basalt and basaltic-andesite samples from the Sayabouli area show depletions in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti) and have high LILE/HFSE ratios, and exhibit the geochemical affinity to the continental arc volcanic rocks and are geochemically similar to the continental arc volcanic rocks from the Phetchabun belt in northeastern Thailand, suggesting a Late Permian–Middle Triassic continental margin in the Sayabouli area of northwestern Laos and Phetchabun area of northeastern Thailand. Our data indicate that the Phetchabun arc volcanic belt through the western Loei sub-belt can be linked to the Sayabouli area in northwestern Laos.

Keywords

volcanic rock / geochemical characteristics / zircon U-Pb age / Middle Triassic / Sayabouli / northwestern Laos

References

[1] Andersen T. Correction of Common Lead in U-Pb Analyses That do not Report 204Pb.. Chemical Geology, 2002, 192(1/2): 59-79.

[2] Barr S. M., Charusiri P. Ridd M. F., Barber A. J., Crow M. J. Volcanic Rocks. The Geology of Thailand, 2011 London: Geological Society, 415-439.

[3] Boonsoong A., Panjasawatwong Y., Metparsopsan K. Petrochemistry and Tectonic Setting of Mafic Volcanic Rocks in the Chon Daen-Wang Pong Area, Phetchabun, Thailand.. Island Arc, 2011, 20(1): 107-124.

[4] Bunopas S. Paleogeographic History of Western Thailand and Adjacent Parts of Southeast Asia: A Plate Tectonic Interpretation: [Dissertation], 1981 Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington

[5] Bunopas S., Vella P. Nutalaya P. Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Thailand. Proceedings of the Workshop on Stratigraphic Correlation Thailand and Malaysia, Geological Society of Thailand and Geological Society of Malaysia, 1983, 307-322.

[6] Charusiri P., Daorerk V., Archibald D., . Geotectonic Evolution of Thailand: A New Synthesis.. Journal of the Geological Society of Thailand, 2002, 1: 1-20.

[7] Chonglakmani C., Helmcke D. Geodynamic Evolution of Loei and Phetchabun Regions—Does the Discovery of Detrital Chromian Spinels from the Nam Duk Formation (Permian, North-Central Thailand) Provide New Constraint. Gondwana Research, 2001, 4(3): 437-442.

[8] Corfu F., Hanchar J. M., Hoskin P. W. O., . Atlas of Zircon Textures.. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2003, 53(1): 469-500.

[9] Della-Pasqua F. N., Zaw K. Preiss V. P. Chemical Affinities of Loei Belt Volcanic-Intrusive Rocks, Central Thailand. Abstracts of the Sixteenth Australian Geological Convention, 2002 Adelaide: Geological Society of Australia, 255.

[10] DGM Lao P.D.R. Geological and Mineral Occurrence Map 1: 1 000 000, 1990 Vientiane: Department of Geology and Mines, Lao P.D.R.

[11] Ferrari O. M., Hochard C., Stampfli G. M. An Alternative Plate Tectonic Model for the Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic Palaeotethyan Evolution of Southeast Asia (Northern Thailand-Burma).. Tectonophysics, 2008, 451(1–4): 346-365.

[12] Hastie A. R., Kerr A. C., Pearce J. A., . Classification of Altered Volcanic Island Arc Rocks Using Immobile Trace Elements: Development of the Th Co Discrimination Diagram.. Journal of Petrology, 2007, 48(12): 2341-2357.

[13] Intasopa S. B. Petrology and Geochronology of the Volcanic Rocks of the Central Thailand Volcanic Belt: [Dissertation], 1993 Fredericton: University of New Brunswick, 1-242.

[14] Intasopa S. B., Dunn T. Petrology and Sr-Nd Isotopic Systems of the Basalts and Rhyolites, Loei, Thailand.. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 1994, 9(1/2): 167-180.

[15] Jungyusuk N., Khositanont S. Piencharoen C. Volcanic Rocks and Associated Mineralization in Thailand. Volcanic Rocks and Associated Mineralization in Thailand. Proceedings of the National Conference on Geologic Resources of Thailand—Potential for Future Development, 1992 Bangkok: Department of Mineral Resources, 528-532.

[16] Kamvong T., Zaw K., Meffre S., . Adakites in the Truong Son and Loei Fold Belts, Thailand and Laos: Genesis and Implications for Geodynamics and Metallogeny.. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26(1): 165-184.

[17] Khositanont S., Panjasawatwong Y., Ounchanum P., . Chutakositkanon V., Sutthirat C., Charoentitirat T., . Petrochemistry and Zircon Age Determination of Loei-Phetchabun Volcanic Rocks. Proceedings of the International Symposia on Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 2008, 272-278.

[18] Le Maitre R. W., Bateman P., Dudek A., . A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks, 1989 Oxford: Blackwell Scientific

[19] Liu Y. S., Gao S., Hu Z. C., . Continental and Oceanic Crust Recycling-Induced Melt-Peridotite Interactions in the Trans-North China Orogen: U-Pb Dating, Hf Isotopes and Trace Elements in Zircons from Mantle Xenoliths.. Journal of Petrology, 2010, 51(1/2): 537-571.

[20] Liu Y. S., Hu Z. C., Zong K. Q., . Reappraisement and Refinement of Zircon U-Pb Isotope and Trace Element Analyses by LA-ICP-MS.. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(15): 1535-1546.

[21] Ludwig K. R. User’s Manual for Isoplot 3.00: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel, 2003 Berkeley: Geochronology Center Special Publication

[22] Manaka T., Zaw K., Meffre S. Chutakositkanon V., Sutthirat C., Charoentitirat T. Geological and Tectonic Setting of Cu-Au Deposits in Northern Lao PDR. Proceedings of the International Symposia on Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, Bangkok, 2008, 299-311.

[23] Marhotorn K., Mizuta T., Ishiyama D., . Chutakositkanon V., Sutthirat C., Charoentitirat T., . Petrochemistry of Igneous Rocks in the Southern Parts of the Chatree Gold Mine, Pichit, Central Thailand. Proceedings of the International Symposia on Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, Bangkok, 2008, 289-298.

[24] Meschede M. A Method of Discriminating between Different Types of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts and Continental Tholeiites with the Nb-Zr-Y Diagram.. Chemical Geology, 1986, 56(3/4): 207-218.

[25] Metcalfe I. Gondwana Dispersion and Asian Accretion: Tectonic and Palaeogeographic Evolution of Eastern Tethys.. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013, 66: 1-33.

[26] Panjasawatwong Y., Zaw K., Chantaramee S., . Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of the Central Loei Volcanic Rocks, Pak Chom Area, Loei, Northeastern Thailand.. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2006, 26(1): 77-90.

[27] Pearce J. A., Gale G. H. Identification of Ore-Deposition Environment from Trace-Element Geochemistry of Associated Igneous Host Rocks.. Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 1977, 7(1): 14-24.

[28] Pearce J. A., Peate D. W. Tectonic Implications of the Composition of Volcanic ARC Magmas.. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1995, 23(1): 251-285.

[29] Peng T. P., Wang Y. J., Zhao G. C., . Arc-Like Volcanic Rocks from the Southern Lancangjiang Zone, SW China: Geochronological and Geochemical Constraints on Their Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications.. Lithos, 2008, 102(1/2): 358-373.

[30] Qian X., Feng Q. L., Yang W. Q., . Arc-Like Volcanic Rocks in NW Laos: Geochronological and Geochemical Constraints and Their Tectonic Implications.. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2015, 98: 342-357.

[31] Salam A., Zaw K., Meffre S., . Geochemistry and Geochronology of the Chatree Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposit: Implications for the Tectonic Setting of the Loei Fold Belt, Central Thailand.. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26(1): 198-217.

[32] Sashida K., Igo H., Hisafa K. I., . Occurrence of Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Radiolaria in Thailand (Preliminary Report).. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 1993, 8(1–4): 97-108.

[33] Shen S. Y., Feng Q. L., Yang W. Q., . Geochemical Characteristics of Island-Arc Volcanic Rocks in the Nan-Nam Pat-Phetchabun Zone, Northern Thailand.. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 2010, 29(4): 337-342.

[34] Sone M., Metcalfe I. Parallel Tethyan Sutures in Mainland Southeast Asia: New Insights for Palaeo-Tethys Closure and Implications for the Indosinian Orogeny.. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2008, 340(2/3): 166-179.

[35] Stokes R. B., Lovatt Smith P. F., Soumphonphakdy K. Timing of the Shan-Thai-Indochina Collision: New Evidence from the Pak Lay Foldbelt of the Lao PDR. Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia., 1996, 106(1): 225-232.

[36] Su Y. P., Zheng J. P., Griffin W. L., . Geochemistry and Geochronology of Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks in the Eastern Junggar Terrane, NWChina: Implication for a Tectonic Transition.. Gondwana Research, Gondwana Research, 2012, 22(3/4): 1009-1029.

[37] Sun S. S., McDonough W. F. Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts: Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes. Magmatism in the Ocean Basins., 1989, 42: 313-345.

[38] Tangwattananukul L., Lunwongsa W., Mitsuta T., . Chutakositkanon V., Sutthirat C., Charoentitirat T., . Geology and Petrochemistry of Dike Rocks in the Chatree Gold Mine, Central Thailand: Implication for Tectonic Setting. Proceedings of the International Symposia on Geoscience Resources and Environments of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP 516 and 5th APSEG, Bangkok, 2008, 299-311.

[39] Tatsumi Y., Maruyama S. Crawford A. J. Boninites and High-Mg Andesites: Tectonics and Petrogenesis. Boninites and Related Rocks, 1989 London: Unwin Hyman, 50-71.

[40] Udchachon M., Thassanapak H., Feng Q. L., . Geochemical Constraints on the Depositional Environment of Upper Devonian Radiolarian Cherts from Loei, North-Eastern Thailand.. Frontiers of Earth Science, 2011, 5(2): 178-190.

[41] Winchester J. A., Floyd P. A. Geochemical Discrimination of Different Magma Series and Their Differentiation Products Using Immobile Elements.. Chemical Geology, 1977, 20: 325-343.

[42] Wood D. A. The Application of a Th-Hf-Ta Diagram to Problems of Tectonomagmatic Classification and to Establishing the Nature of Crustal Contamination of Basaltic Lavas of the British Tertiary Volcanic Province.. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1980, 50(1): 11-30.

[43] Wu Y. B., Zheng Y. F. Genesis of Zircon and Its Constraints on Interpretation of U-Pb Age.. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2004, 49(15): 1554-1569.

[44] Yang W. Q., Qian X., Feng Q. L., . Zircon U-Pb Geochronologic Evidence for the Evolution of the Nan-Uttaradit Suture Zone in Northern Thailand.. Journal of Earth Science, 2016, 27(3): 378-390.

[45] Yuan H. L., Gao S., Liu X. M., . Accurate U-Pb Age and Trace Element Determinations of Zircon by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 2004, 28(3): 353-370.

[46] Zaw K., Meffre S. Higher Degree Students Metallogenic Relations and Depositscale Studies, Final Report. Geochronology, Metallogenesis and Deposit Styles of Loei Fold Belt in Thailand and Laos PDR, ARC Linkage Project, 2007 Hobart: University of Tasimania

[47] Zaw K., Meffre S., Lai C. K., . Tectonics and Metallogeny of Mainland Southeast Asia—A Review and Contribution.. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26(1): 5-30.