New seismic attribute technology for predicting dissolved pore-fracture of deeply buried platform margin reef-beach system in Northeast Sichuan Basin, China

Abstract

The large reef complexes of the Upper Permian Changxing Formation, with a significant breakthrough for petroleum exploration, are an important target for petroleum exploration in the Yuanba area of the Sichuan Basin in SW China. The storage space types of reef complexes are dominated by the dissolved pore-fracture (DPF). However, using only single geophysical methods, it is difficult to predict effective distribution of DPF. Based on a combination of geological models and geophysics technology, this study proposes two new geophysical methods, including anisotropy coherence technique (ACT) and fracture intensity inversion (FII), to research the characteristics of DPF by facies-controlling in Changxing Formation in Yuanba area. Two major findings are presented as follows: (1) the characteristics of DPF varying with facies are the result of different diagenetic and petrophysical property. The intensity of DPF decreases from reef and bioclastic bank to interbank sea and slope; (2) ACT can qualitatively identify the distribution of DPF with no-directional and dispersed distribution, while FII can quantitatively characterize the intensity of DPF development within various sedimentary facies. When integrated into the geological study, ACT and FII can provide an effective way to predict the distribution of DPF in similar geological settings and the predicted DPF have been supported by the historical well data.

Keywords

dissolved pore / fracture / reef-beach system / seismic attribute / Changxing Formation / Yuanba area / Northeast Sichuan Basin

References

[1] Admasu F, Back S, Toennies K. Autotracking of Faults on 3D Seismic Data. Geophysics, 2006, 71(6): A49-A53.

[2] Bahorich M, Farmer S. 3-D Seismic Discontinuity for Faults and Stratigraphic Features: The Coherence Cube. The Leading Edge, 1995, 14(10): 1053-1058.

[3] Bin Y B, Long S X, Guo T L, . Application of Seismic Azimuth Anisotropic Technique in Fractural Detection of Lower Triassic Jia-2 Reservoir in TNB Area. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2009, 44(2): 190-195.

[4] Cai Z Q, Zhang R Y, Zheng C, . Synthetic Prediction of Carbonate Fracture-Pore Reservoir: An Example from T₁ J ₂ ² Reservoir in the Dachiganjing Structural Belt. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2005, 32(5): 65-68.

[5] Cao J X, Liu S G, Tian R F, . Seismic Prediction of Carbonate Reservoirs in the Deep of Longmenshan Foreland Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(8): 2423-2434.

[6] Chen L, Lu Y C, Guo T L, . Growth Characteristics of Changhsingian (Late Permian) Carbonate Platform Margin Reef Complexes in Yuanba Gas Field, Northeastern Sichuan Basin, China. Geological Journal, 2012, 47(5SI): 524-536.

[7] Chen L, Lu Y C, Guo T L, . Seismic Sedimentology Study in the High-Resolution Sequence Framework—A Case Study of Platform Margin Reef-Beach System of Changxing Formation, Upper Permian, Yuanba Area, Northeast Sichuan Basin, China. Journal of Earth Science, 2012, 23(4): 612-626.

[8] Cox T, Seitz K. Ant Tracking Seismic Volumes for Automated Fault Interpretation, 2007 Alberta: CSPG CSEG Convention, 670-671.

[9] Deng D J. Case Study of Prestack Prediction for Fractured Carbonate Reservoir. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2009, 32(2): 133-137.

[10] Gong H L, Pan J G, Wang H B, . Comprehensive Fracture Prediction Technologies and Their Application to Carbonate Rocks in Tazhong Area. Oil & Gas Geology, 2007, 28(6): 841-846.

[11] Guo T L. Reservoir Characteristics and Its Controlling Factors of the Changxing Formation Reservoir in the Yuanba Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2010, 27(8): 2381-2391.

[12] Guo T L, Zhang Y C, Zou H Y. Present Stress Field and Fracture Characteristics of Marine Carbonate Reservoir in Northeast Sichuan. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2010, 17(6): 718-721.

[13] Han G H, Qi L X, Li Z J, . Prediction of the Ordovician Fractured-Vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield. Oil & Gas Geology, 2006, 27(6): 860-870.

[14] Han T B, Cheng P, Wang Y L, . Prediction of Heterogeneity in Carbonate Reservoirs: An Hexiwu Example in North China. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2011, 46(S1): 102-105.

[15] Hou J G, Ma X Q, Liu Y M, . Modelling of Carbonate Fracture-Vuggy Reservoir: A Case Study of Ordovician Reservoir of 4th Block in Tahe Oilfield. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012, 19(2): 59-66.

[16] Hu M Y, Hu Z G, Qiu X S, . Platform Edge Reef and Bank Structure and Depositional Model of Changxing Formation in Panlongdong Section, Xuanhan, Northeastern Sichuan. Journal of Earth Science, 2012, 23(4): 431-441.

[17] Hu M Y, Wei H, Qiu X S, . Reef Composition and Their Forming Models of Changxing Formation in Jiantianba Section of Lichuan, Western Hubei. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2012, 30(1): 33-42.

[18] Hu W G, Pu Y, Zhao Z N, . Identification of Reef Reservoir of Changxing Formation in Yuanba Area of Northeastern Sichuan Basin. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2010, 49(1): 46-53.

[19] Huang H D, Zhang R W, Zhao D, . Prediction of Ordovician Carbonate Fracture and Cavern in Tahe Area. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2009, 44(2): 213-218.

[20] Karimpouli S, Hassani H, Malehmir A, . Understanding the Fracture Role on Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Distribution Using Seismic Data: A Case Study on a Carbonate Reservoir from Iran. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2013, 96: 98-106.

[21] Lamarche J, Lavenu A P C, Gauthier B D M, . Relationships between Fracture Patterns, Geodynamics and Mechanical Stratigraphy in Carbonates (South-East Basin, France). Tectonophysics, 2012, 581: 231-245.

[22] Lang X L, Peng S M, Kang H Q. Study on Geophysical Response Characteristic and Prediction Methodology of Fractured and Cavernous Carbonate Reservoir. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2012, 48(5): 775-784.

[23] Li Z Y, Zeng Z X, Luo W Q. A New Approach for Predicting Fractures Using Principal Curvature. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2003, 30(6): 83-85.

[24] Liu C Y, Wei X C, Xu S F, . The Overview of Geophysical Techniques in Prediction of Carbonate Rock Reservoir. Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22(6): 1815-1822.

[25] Liu L F, Sun Z D, Yang H J, . Seismic Integrative Prediction of Fracture-Cavity Carbonate Reservoir: Taking ZG21 Well Area in Tarim Basin as an Example. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2011, 42(6): 1731-1737.

[26] Peng H L, Xiong Y, Yao G J, . The Preliminary Research on Carbonate Gas Reservoir Structural Fracture Prediction and the Quantitative Parameter Field Formation. Offshore Oil, 2005, 25(4): 38-43.

[27] Pepper R, Bejarano G. Advances in Seismic Fault Interpretation Automation. AAPG Annual Convention, Houston, 2005, 14 1.

[28] Perez M A, Grechka V, Michelena R J. Fracture Detection in a Carbonate Reservoir Using a Variety of Seismic Methods. Geophysics, 1999, 64(4): 1266-1276.

[29] Song Z F, Shi W Z, Kong M, . Fracture Zone Prediction for the Kalagang Formation in the Malang Depression, Santanghu Basin. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2010, 45(5): 714-719.

[30] Steen O, Pedersen S I, Randen T, . New Methods for Extracting and Constructing Fault Surfaces from 3D Seismic Data. AAPG Annual Convention, Salt Lake City, 2003, 12 162.

[31] Sun W, Li Y F, He W W, . Using P-Wave Azimuthal Anisotropy to Predict Fractures in Carbonate Reservoirs of the ZY Block. Oil & Gas Geology, 2013, 34(1): 137-144.

[32] Sun W, Liu X Q, Jia B. Application of the Stress Field Analysis for Structure Fracture Predition in Carbonate Rocks. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2013, 35(1): 50-52.

[33] Thorseth J, Riley G, Atalik E, . 3-D Seismic Interpretation Using the Coherency Cube: An Example from the South Embra Precaspian Basin, Kazakhstan. The Leading Edge, 1997, 16(6): 907-910.

[34] Wan X P, Ou J, Yu X H. Application of 3-D Coherency Cube Technique in Fracture Study for Carbonate Rock. Fault-Block & Gas Field, 2007, 14(3): 43-45.

[35] Wang Z Q, Wang H B, Gong H L. Improvement of the Coherency Technique and Its Application in Carbonate Fracture Reservoirs. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2009, 20(6): 977-981.

[36] Wei G Q, Jia C Z, Song H Z, . Ordovician Structural-Depositional Model and Prediction for Profitable Crack Reservoir of Carbonate Rock in Tazhong Area, Tarim Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(3): 408-413.

[37] Yan L, Feng M G, Zhang C Y. Hydrocarbon Accumulation Model of Changxing Formation in YB Area of Northeastern Sichuan Basin. Journal of Yangtze University (Nat. Sci. Edit.), 2011, 8(10): 19-21.

[38] Zahm C K, Zahm L C, Bellian J A. Integrated Fracture Prediction Using Sequence Stratigraphy within a Carbonate Fault Damage Zone, Texas USA. Journal of Structural Geology, 2010, 32(9): 1363-1374.

[39] Zhao J, Fu H C, Zhang Y Z, . Application of Shear Wave Anisotropy in Fractural Carbonate Reservoir Evaluation. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2005, 32(5): 74-77.

[40] Zhao J, Sun S Z. Automatic Fault Extraction Using a Modified Ant-Colony Algorithm. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 2013, 10(2): 1742-1748.