Carbon and oxygen isotope stratigraphy of the oxfordian carbonate rocks in Amu Darya basin

Abstract

Based on the detailed research on petrologic and geochemical characteristics of deposition and diagenesis of Oxfordian carbonate rocks in Amu Darya Basin, Turkmenistan, carbon and oxygen isotopes were analyzed. The results show that the paleoenvironmental evolution reflected by the samples with well-preserved original carbon isotopes coincides with the carbon-isotope stratigraphic curve and is almost consistent with the global sea-level curve, the Mid-Oxfordian wide transgression, and the positive carbon-isotope excursion event. The Mid-Oxfordian continuing transgression not only laid the foundation for the development of the Oxfordian reef and shoal reservoirs in Amu Darya Basin but also provided an example for the Oxfordian global transgression and the resulting development of reefs and banks and high-speed organic carbon burial events. The response of oxygen isotopes in diagenetic environment showed that micrite limestones and granular limestones underwent weak diagenetic alteration, and the samples largely retained the original seawater features. Dolomitization and the precipitation of hydrothermal calcites filling solution vugs and fractures before hydrocarbon accumulation occurred in a closed diagenetic environment where the main controlling factor is the temperature, and the diagenetic fluids were from the deep hot brine. The chalkification of the limestones after hydrocarbon accumulation occurred in the oilfield water systems.

Keywords

carbon and oxygen stable isotope / geochemistry / isotope stratigraphic curve / depositional environment / diagenetic information / Oxfordian / Amu Darya Basin

References

Bartolini A, Baumgartner P O, Guex J. Middle and Late Jurassic Radiolarian Palaeoecology Versus Carbon-Isotope Stratigraphy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1999, 145(1–3): 43-60.

Chen D Z, Chen Q Y. Devonian Sedimentary Evolution and Transgression-Regression Patterns in South China. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1994, 29(3): 246-255.

Chen D Z, Chen Q Y, Jiang M S. Carbon Isotopic Compositions and Evolution in the Devonian Marine Carbonate Rocks. Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography, 1995, 15(5): 22-28.

Derry L A, Brasier M D, Corfield R M e a1. Sr and C Isotopes in Lower Cambrian Carbonates from the Siberian Craton: A Paleoenvironmental Record during the ‘Cambrian Explosion’. Earth and Planetary Science letters, 1994, 128(3–4): 671-681.

Derry L A, Keto L L, Jacobsen S e a1. Sr Isotopic Variations in Upper Proterozoic Carbonates from Svalbard and East Greenland. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1989, 53(9): 2331-2339.

Gasse F, Fontes J C, Plaziat J C, . Biological Remains, Geochemistry and Stable Isotopes for the Reconstruction of Environmental and Hydrological Changes in the Holocene Lakes from North Sahara. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1987, 60(1–2): 1-46.

Gygi R A. Integrated Stratigraphy of the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) in Northern Switzerland and Adjacent Southern Germany, 1999 Birkhäuser, Basel: Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Akademie der Naturwissenschaften, 104.

Kaufman A J, Knoll A H. Neoproterozoic Variations in the C-Isotopic Composition of Seawater; Stratigraphic and Biogeochemical Implications (in Neoproterozoic Stratigraphy and Earth History). Precambrian Research, 1995, 73(1–4): 27-49.

Kaufman A J, Knoll A H, Awramik S M. Biostratigraphic and Chemistratigraphic Correlation of Neoproterozoic Sedimentary Successions: Upper Tindir Group, Northwestern Canada, as a Test Case. Geology, 1992, 20: 181-185.

Kaufman A J, Knoll A H, Narbonne G M. Isotopes, Ice Ages and Terminal Proterozoic Earth History. Preceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1997, 95(13): 6600-6605.

Korte C, Kozur H W, Bruckschen P, . Strontium Isotope Evolution of Late Permian and Triassic Seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2003, 67(1): 47-62.

Lavastre V. Evènements Sédimentaires, Diagénétiques et Post-Diagénétiques Dans la Formation Argileuse du Callovo-Oxfordien (Bassin de Paris, France): Enregistrement Isotopique des Minéraux et de L’eau Porale: [Dissertation], 2002 Paris: Université Paris VII

Li R F, Liu B P. Application of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes to Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy: Analysis of Mapping Formation, Southern Guizhou Province. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1996, 21(3): 261-266.

Li R X, Wei J Y, Xiao J F, . Response of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Geochemistry to Transgressive Systems Tract: An Example from Triassic Stratigraphy in Southwestern Guizhou Province. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2007, 29(1): 1-5.

Li X Q, Wan G J. Problems in Studies on Carbon and Oxygen Stable Isotopes in Carbonates. Advance in Earth Sciences, 1999, 14(3): 262-268.

Liu D L, Sun X R, Li Z S, . Analysis of Carbon and Oxygen Isotope on the Ordovician Dolostones in the Ordos Basin. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2006, 28(2): 155-161.

Liu J Q, Jia B J, Yang P, . The Application of Carbon, Oxygen and Strontium Isotopes to the Study of Middle-Upper Jurassic Sequence Stratigraphy in Longweicuo Area, Qiangtang Basin. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2007, 28(3): 253-260.

Louis-Schmid B, Rais P, Bernasconi S M e a1. Detailed Record of the Mid-Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) Positive Carbon-Isotope Excursion in Two Hemipelagic Sections (France and Switzerland): A Plate Tectonic Trigger?. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2007, 248(3–4): 459-472.

Luo P, Su L P, Luo Z e a1. Application of Laser Micro-Sampling Technique to Analysis of C and O Isotopes of Oolitic Dolomites in Feixianguan Formation, Northeast Sichuan. Geochimica, 2006, 35(3): 325-330.

Meisel T, Krahenbuhl U, Nazarov M A. Combined Osmium and Strontium Isotopic Study of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary at Sumbar,Turkmenistan: A Test for an Impact vs.ia Volcanic Hypothesis. Geology, 1995, 23(4): 313-316.

Niebuhr B, Joachimski M M. Stable Isotope and Trace Element Geochemistry of Upper Cretaceous Carbonates and Belemnite Rostra (Middle Campanian, North Germany). Geobios, 2002, 35(1): 51-64.

Prokoph A, Shields G A, Veizer J. Compilation and Time-Series Analysis of a Marine Carbonate δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and δ³⁴S Database through Earth History. Earth-Science Reviews, 2008, 87: 113-133.

Veizer J, Ala D, Azmy K, . ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O Evolution of Phanerozoic Seawater. Chemical Geology, 1999, 161: 59-88.

Veizer J, Fritz P, Jones B. Geochemistry of Brachiopods, Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Records of Paleozoic Oceans. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1986, 50(8): 1679-1696.

Wang D R, Bai Y L. Implication for Paleoclimate of Stable Isotopes of Carbonate Rocks. Petroleum Exploration & Development, 1999, 26(50): 30-33.

Wang Y G, Wen Y C, Hong H T e a1. Diagenesis of Triassic Feixianguan Formation in Sichuan Basin, Southwest China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 25(6): 831-839.

Wierzbowski H. Detailed Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oxfordian in Central Poland. International Journal of Earth Science (Geologische Rundschau), 2002, 91(2): 304-314.

Yin G, Ni S J. Geochemistry of Stable Isotopes, 2009 Beijing: Science Press, 121-139.

Zhang B, Zheng R C, Liu H N e a1. Characteristics of Carbonate Reservoir in Callovian-Oxfordian of Samandepe Gasfield, Turkmenistan. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2010, 84(1): 117-126.

Zheng R C, Gen W, Zheng C, . Genesis of Dolostone Reservoir of Feixianguan Formation in Lower Triassic of Northeast Sichuan Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2008, 29(6): 815-821.

Zheng R C, Shi J N, Luo A J, . Comparative Study on Geochemical Behaviors of Dolomite Reservoirs in North-East Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 2008, 28(11): 16-21.

Zheng R C, Hu Z G, Feng Q P, . Genesis of Dolomite Reservoir of the Changxing Formation of Upper Permian, Northeast Sichuan Basin. J. Mineral. Petrol., 2007, 27(4): 78-84.

Zheng R C, Li Y, Wu L, . Geochemical Characteristics of Callovian-Oxfordian Carbonates in Samandepe Gas Field, Amu Darya Basin, Turkmenistan. Petroleum Science, 2011, 8(4): 371-381.

Zheng R C, Liu W J. Cabon and Strontium Isotopic Effects of the Devonian Sequence in the Longmen Mountains Area. Geological Review, 1997, 43(3): 264-272.

Zuo J X. Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of Lower Triassic in South China, 2003 Wuhan: China University of Gecsciences