Osteoderms of Pakisauridae and Balochisauridae (Titanosauria, Sauropoda, Dinosauria) in Pakistan
M. Sadiq Malkani
Journal of Earth Science ›› 2010, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (Suppl 1) : 198 -203.
Osteoderms of Pakisauridae and Balochisauridae (Titanosauria, Sauropoda, Dinosauria) in Pakistan
The four types of dermal armour bones/osteoderms and scutes of Balochisauridae and Pakisauridae (Titanosauria) were found as fragmentary in the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Vitakri Formation of Sulaiman basin in Pakistan. Larger and smaller osteoderms from Pakistan provide a further opportunity for correlation with the armor bones already discovered from Madagascar, Argentina, Brazil, France, Malawi, Romania and Spain.
osteoderm / armour plate / Pakisauridae / Balochisauridae / latest Cretaceous / Pakistan
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
Bonapaerte, J. F., 1999. An Armored Sauropod from the Aptian of Northern Patagonia, Argentina. In: Tomida, Y., Rich, T. H., Vickers-Rich, P., eds., Proc. Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symp.. 1–12 |
| [3] |
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
Malkani, M. S., 2003a. Discovery of Partial Skull and Dentary of Titanosauria (Sauropod Dinosaur) from the Late Cretaceous Pab Formation of Vitakri Area, Barkhan District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar, (36): 65–71 |
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
Malkani, M. S., 2007b. Cretaceous Geology and Dinosaurs from Terrestrial Strata of Pakistan. In: Lee, Y. I., Paik, I. S., Cheong, D. K., et al., eds., Paleoclimates in Asia during the Cretaceous: Their Variations, Causes, and Biotic and Environmental Responses. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium of the IGCP Project No. 507, August, 20–21, 2007, Seoul, Korea. 57–63 |
| [24] |
Malkani, M. S., 2007c. Lateral and Vertical Rapid Variable Cretaceous Depositional Environments and Terrestrial Dinosaurs from Pakistan. In: Huang, Y., Wang, P., Gu, J., et al., eds., Abstracts Volume, Joint Workshop on Rapid Environmental/Climate Change in Cretaceous Greenhouse World: Ocean-Land Interaction and Deep Terrestrial Scientific Drilling Project of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin, August 28–30, 2007, Daqing, China. 44–47 |
| [25] |
Malkani, M. S., 2007d. First Diagnostic Fossils of Late Cretaceous Crocodyliform (Mesoeucrocodylia, Reptilia) from Vitakri Area, Barkhan District, Balochistan, Pakistan. In: Ashraf, M., Hussain, S. S., Akbar, H. D., eds., Contribution to Geology of Pakistan (2007), Proceedings of 5th Pakistan Geological Congress (2004), A Publication of the National Geological Society of Pakistan, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan. 241–259 |
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
Malkani, M. S., 2008b. Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystem from Pakistan. In: Sundquist, B., (Science Programme Coordinator), Abstracts of the 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo, 1 (Abstract: CD-ROM) |
| [29] |
Malkani, M. S., 2008c. Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystem from Pakistan. In: Lee, Y. I., Khand, Y., Ichinnorov, N., eds., Paleoclimates in Asia during the Cretaceous: Their Variations, Causes, and Biotic and Environmental Responses. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium of the IGCP Project No. 507, August, 16–17, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 51–55 |
| [30] |
Malkani, M. S., 2008d. Titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Oteoderms from Pakistan. In: Lee, Y. I., Khand, Y., Ichinnorov, N., eds., Paleoclimates in Asia during the Cretaceous: Their Variations, Causes, and Biotic and Environmental Responses. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium of the IGCP Project No. 507, August, 16–17, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 56–60 |
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
Malkani, M. S., 2009a. Terrestrial Vertebrates from the Mesozoic of Pakistan. In: Hart, M. B., ed., 8th International Symposium on the Cretaceous System. Abstract Volume. University of Plymouth, 6th–12th September, UK. 49–50 |
| [34] |
Malkani, M. S., 2009b. Basal (J/K) and Upper (K/T) Boundaries of Cretaceous System in Pakistan. In: Hart, M. B., ed., 8th International Symposium on the Cretaceous System. Abstract Volume. University of Plymouth, 6th–12th September, UK. 58–59 |
| [35] |
Malkani, M. S., 2009c. Cretaceous Marine and Continental Fluvial Deposits from Pakistan. In: Hart, M. B., ed., 8th International Symposium on the Cretaceous System. Abstract Volume. University of Plymouth, 6th–12th September, UK. 59 |
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
Malkani, M. S., (in Review). New Pakisaurus (Pakisauridae, Titanosauria, Sauropoda) Remains, and Cretaceous Tertiary (K-T) Boundary from Pakistan |
| [40] |
Malkani, M. S., (in Process). Coal, Celestite, Iron and Gypsum Deposits Found from Sulaiman Basin of Pakistan |
| [41] |
|
| [42] |
|
| [43] |
|
| [44] |
|
| [45] |
|
| [46] |
|
| [47] |
Sanz, J. L., Busalioni, A. D., 1987. New Evidence of Armoured Dinosaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of Spain. In: Currie, P. M., Koster, E. H., eds., 4th Symp. Mesozoic Terr. Ecosyst. Short Paper, Tyrrell Mus. Paleont. Drumheller, Alberta. 199–204 |
| [48] |
|
| [49] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |