Local impact factor assessment for deck slabs of steel–concrete composite bridge system with twin girders

Abstract

The steel–concrete composite bridge system with twin girders, referred to as a steel plate composite girder bridge, is widely adopted for short- to medium-span highway bridges due to its ability to enable rapid prefabrication and construction in bridge engineering. Considering the structural design of steel plate composite girder bridges, which are wide but shallow in depth, their deck slabs are vulnerable to vertical impacts from vehicle loads. Structural performance may be negatively affected by excessive dynamic displacement of deck slabs. It is difficult to assess the dynamic response of the deck slabs by existing methods, since traditional specifications only use a global impact factor to describe the dynamic effect of moving vehicles on the bridge as a whole, regardless of the local dynamic effect on the deck slabs. Therefore, this study aims to assess the local dynamic effect of moving vehicles on the deck slabs of steel plate composite beam bridges using field tests and finite-element methods. A systematic approach was employed to analyze parameters influencing bridge-vehicle interaction. Additionally, an improved method was presented to calculate the local impact factor and parametric studies were discussed. The findings indicated that the local impact factor of deck slabs is significantly greater than the global impact factor. Road surface roughness is the most significant parameter affecting deck slab dynamic behavior.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

steel plate composite girder bridge / deck slab / local impact factor / field test / finite-element modeling / parametric study

References

[1] Deng S W, Shao X D, Zhao X D, Wang Y, Wang Y. Precast steel—UHPC lightweight composite bridge for accelerated bridge construction. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2021, 15(2): 364–377

[2] Tan G H, Brameld G H, Thambiratnam D P. Development of an analytical model for treating bridge-vehicle interaction. Engineering Structures, 1998, 20(1–2): 54–61

[3] Moghimi H, Ronagh H R. Impact factors for a composite steel bridge using non-linear dynamic simulation. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35(11): 1228–1243

[4] Deng L, Cai C S. Development of dynamic impact factor for performance evaluation of existing multi-girder concrete bridges. Engineering Structures, 2010, 32(1): 21–31

[5] AASHTO. LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Washington, D.C: AASHTO, 2020

[6] MTPRC. General Code for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts. Beijing: Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, 2015 (in Chinese)

[7] Huang D, Wang T L, Shahawy M. Impact studies of multigirder concrete bridges. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1993, 119(8): 2387–2402

[8] Chang D, Lee H Y. Impact factors for simple-span highway girder bridges. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1994, 120(3): 704–715

[9] Liu C, Huang D, Wang T L. Analytical dynamic impact study based on correlated road roughness. Computers & Structures, 2002, 80(20-21): 1639–1650

[10] Deng L, Yu Y, Zou Q, Cai C S. State-of-the-art review of dynamic impact factors of highway bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2015, 20(5): 04014080

[11] Deng L, Wang W. Researchprogress on dynamic impact factors of highway bridges. Journal of Dynamics & Control, 2016, 14(4): 289–300

[12] Gupta R K, Traill-Nash R W. Vehicle braking on highway bridges. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 1980, 106(4): 641–658

[13] BakhtBPinjarkarS G. Dynamic testing of highway bridges––A review. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1989: 1223

[14] AgarwalA CBillingJ R. Dynamic testing of the St. Vincent Street Bridge. In: Proceedings of the Annual Conference. Montreal: Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. 1990, 4, 163–181

[15] Green M F, Cebon D. Dynamic response of highway bridges to heavy vehicle load: Theory and experimental validation. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1994, 170(1): 51–78

[16] BroquetCSchlafliMBruhwilerE. Evaluation of concrete bridge deck slabs. Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects, 1997, 123(25): 514–520 (in French)

[17] Broquet C, Bailey S F, Bruhwiler E. Dynamic amplification factors in deck slabs of concrete road bridges. Structure and Dynamics, 1999, 2: 795–799

[18] BroquetC. Dynamic Behavior of Concrete Bridge Decks Under Road Traffic Loads. Lausanne: EPFL, 1999 (in French)

[19] Broquet C, Briley S F, Fafard M. Dynamic behavior of deck slabs of concrete road bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2004, 9(2): 137–146

[20] JiWDengLHeW. Vehicle-bridge coupled vibration analysis and calculation of dynamic impact factor for the PC box-girder bridge with corrugated steel webs. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2016, 29(6): 1041–1047 (in Chinese)

[21] JiWDengLHeW. Local and global impact factors analysis for PC box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2017, 36(8): 22–28 (in Chinese)

[22] Dai F, Lu M. Assessing the accuracy of applying photogrammetry to take geometric measurements on building products. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2010, 136(2): 242–250

[23] RobsanSKyleSHarleyI. Close Range Photogrammetry: Principles, Techniques and Applications. Dunbeath: Whittles Publishing, 2011

[24] Yanushkin V N, Kolyada Y B. Complex solution of the problem of increasing the precision of linear-angular measurements by means of photoelectric methods. Measurement Techniques, 2014, 57(3): 255–259

[25] Green M F, Cebon D, Cole D J. Effects of vehiclesuspension design on dynamics of highway bridges. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1995, 121(2): 272–282

[26] Calçada R, Cunha A, Delgado R. Analysis of traffic-in-duced vibrations in a cable-stayed bridge. Part I: Experimental assessment. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2005, 10(4): 370–385

[27] Kwasniewski L, Li H Y, Wekezer J, Malachowski J. Finite element analysis of vehicle-bridge interaction. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 2006, 42(11): 950–959

[28] Li H Y, Wekezer J, Kwasniewski L. Dynamic response of a highway bridge subjected to moving vehicles. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2008, 13(5): 439–448

[29] ACI. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. ACI 318-14. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI, 2014

[30] Dodds C J, Robson J D. The description of road surface roughness. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1973, 31(2): 175–183

[31] Wang T L, Huang D Z. Cable-stayed bridge vibration due to road surface roughness. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1992, 118(5): 1354–1374

[32] Huang D Z, Wang T L. Impact analysis of cable-stayed bridges. Computers & Structures, 1992, 43(5): 897–908

[33] ISO8608. 2016 Mechanical Vibration––Road Surface Profiles––Reporting of Measured Data. Geneva: ISO, 2016

[34] Sun Z, Sun L M, Xia Y. Multi-harmonic forced vibration and resonance of simple beam bridges to moving loads. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2023, 17(7): 981–993

[35] Paultre P, Chaallal O, Proulx J. Bridge dynamics and dynamic amplification factors: A review of analytical and experimental findings. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1992, 19(2): 260–278

[36] AASHTO. Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. Washington, D.C.: AASHTO, 1996

[37] HayesM DHaramisJ E I ILeskoJ J. Implementation and Non-Destructive Evaluation of Composite Structural Shapes in the Tom’s Creek Bridge. Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, 2000

[38] NeelyW D. Evaluation of the in-servic performance of the Tom’s Creek Bridge. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech, 2000

[39] Li Y, Cai C S, Liu Y, Chen Y, Liu J. Dynamic analysis of a large span specially shaped hybrid girder bridge with concrete-filled steel tube arches. Engineering Structures, 2016, 106: 243–260

[40] Ma L, Zhang W, Han W S, Liu J X. Determining the dynamic amplification factor of multi-span continuous box girder bridges in highways using vehicle-bridge interaction analyses. Engineering Structures, 2019, 181: 47–59

[41] Kim S, Nowak A S. Load distribution and impact factors for I-girder bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 1997, 2(3): 97–104

[42] Laman J A, Pechar J S, Boothby T E. Dynamic load allowance for through-truss bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 1999, 4(4): 231–241

[43] Sun Z. Frequency comb free vibration behavior of a single-span plate pumped by low-speed moving inertial loads. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2022, 22(7): 2250032

[44] Miyamoto A, Kiviluoma R, Yabe A. Frontier of continuous structural health monitoring system for short & medium span bridges and condition assessment. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2019, 13(3): 569–604

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge support for this study provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51908504 and 52278227).

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2024 Higher Education Press