Construction technology for deep tunnels crossing superhigh-temperature fault zones with high water surges

Abstract

The harsh environment in tunnels with high geothermal temperatures and humidity can adversely impact machinery, personnel, and construction. The main causes of specific problems are the unknown mechanisms of local geothermal formation, inappropriate temperature control measures, and insufficient systematic safeguards. In this study, three work sections relating to a high geothermal tunnel are: the tunnel face, middle-of-tunnel section, and outside-of-tunnel section. A cooling strategy is proposed to offer technical support in achieving comprehensive cooling, overall as well as for each of the sections. First, a comprehensive geological survey explores the mechanism and exact location of the heat source. Secondly, grouting and centralized drainage measures are used to control the heat release of hot water. Enhanced ventilation, ice chillers and other applicable measures are used to control the ambient temperature. Finally, a monitoring and early warning system is established to prevent accidents. This cooling strategy has been applied in the field with good results.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

high geothermal tunnels / cooling strategy / comprehensive cooling measures / safety and security

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51878567 and 51878568).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-024-1054-2 and is accessible for authorized users.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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