Comprehensive experimental database and analysis of circular concrete-filled double-skin tube stub columns: A review

Abstract

A concrete-filled double-skin tube (CFDST) is a new type of composite material. Experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the axial compression behavior of CFDST members for approximately 30 years. This paper provides a review of the status of axial compression bearing capacity tests conducted on circular CFDST stub columns as well as a summary of test data for 165 circular CFDST stub columns reported in 22 papers. A relatively complete high-quality test database is established. Based on this database, the main factors affecting the axial compression bearing capacity of the CFDST stub columns are analyzed. The prediction accuracy and robustness of an existing theoretical prediction model, which is a data-driven model, are evaluated, and a numerical simulation of the axial compression bearing capacity of the CFDST stub columns is conducted. In addition, the differences between the basic theory and experimental results of various models are compared, and the possible sources of prediction errors are analyzed. The current model for predicting the axial compression capacity of CFDST stub columns cannot simultaneously satisfy the requirements of high accuracy and confidence, and the stress independency assumption introduced in the test is not valid. The main error source in the theoretical prediction model is the non-simultaneous consideration of the effects of the void ratio and inner steel tube.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

CFDST / bearing capacity model / confined concrete model / test database

References

[1] Wei S, Mau S T, Vipulanandan C, Mantrala S K. Performance of new sandwich tube under axial loading: Experiment. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1995, 121(12): 1806–1814

[2] Ayough P, Sulong N, Ibrahim Z. Analysis and review of concrete-filled double skin steel tubes under compression. Thin-walled Structures, 2020, 148: 106495

[3] Vernardos S, Gantes C. Experimental behavior of concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub members under axial compression: A comparative review. Structures, 2019, 22: 383–404

[4] Yan X F, Zhao Y G. Compressive strength of axially loaded circular concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular short columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2020, 170: 106114

[5] Ipek S, Guneyisi E M. Ultimate axial strength of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular column sections. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019, 2019: 6493037

[6] ACI318-14. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institue, 2014

[7] Li Z L, Lin S Q, Zhao Y G. Analytical model for concrete-filled double skin tube columns with different cross-sectional shapes under axial compression. Structures, 2022, 43: 316–337

[8] Popovics S. A numerical approach to the complete stress−strain curve of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 1973, 3(5): 583–599

[9] Tran V L, Kim S E. Efficiency of three advanced data-driven models for predicting axial compression capacity of CFDST columns. Thin-walled Structures, 2020, 152: 106744

[10] Yan X F, Zhao Y G, Lin S Q, Zhang H. Confining stress path-based compressive strength model of axially compressed circular concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular short columns. Thin-walled Structures, 2021, 165: 107949

[11] Yang Y F, Fu F, Bie X M, Dai X H. Axial compressive behaviour of CFDST stub columns with large void ratio. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2021, 186: 106892

[12] Ekmekyapar T, Hasan G H. The influence of the inner steel tube on the compression behaviour of the concrete filled double skin steel tube (CFDST) columns. Marine Structures, 2019, 66: 197–212

[13] Yan X F, Zhao Y G, Lin S Q. Compressive behaviour of circular CFDST short columns with high- and ultrahigh-strength concrete. Thin-walled Structures, 2021, 164: 107898

[14] Li W, Cai Y X. Performance of CFDST stub columns using high-strength steel subjected to axial compression. Thin-walled Structures, 2019, 141: 411–422

[15] Uenaka K, Kitoh H, Sonoda K. Concrete filled double skin circular stub columns under compression. Thin-walled Structures, 2010, 48(1): 19–24

[16] Li W, Ren Q X, Han L H, Zhao X L. Behaviour of tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns. Thin-walled Structures, 2012, 57: 37–48

[17] Tao Z, Han L H, Zhao X L. Behaviour of concrete-filled double skin (CHS inner and CHS outer) steel tubular stub columns and beam-columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2004, 60(8): 1129–1158

[18] Zhao X L, Tong L W, Wang X Y. CFDST stub columns subjected to large deformation axial loading. Engineering Structures, 2010, 32(3): 692–703

[19] Hasan G H, Ekmekyapar T. Mechanical performance of stiffened concrete filled double skin steel tubular stub columns under axial compression. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2019, 23(5): 2281–2292

[20] Zhao X L, Grzebieta R H, Elchalakani M. Tests of concrete-filled double skin CHS composite stub columns. Steel and Composite Structures, 2002, 2(2): 129–146

[21] LinM LTsaiK C. Behavior of double-skinned composite steel tubular columns subjected to combined axial and flexural loads. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Steel and Composite Structures. Pusan: Techno-Press, 2001

[22] Miyaki S, Matsui C, Tsuda K, Hatato T, Imamura T. Axial compression behavior of centrifugal concrete filled steel tubular columns using super high strength concrete. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 1996, 482: 121–130

[23] Li W, Wang D, Han L H. Behaviour of grout-filled double skin steel tubes under compression and bending: Experiments. Thin-walled Structures, 2017, 116: 307–319

[24] Ekmekyapar T, Alwan O H, Hasan H G, Shehab B A, AL-Eliwi B J M. Comparison of classical, double skin and double section CFST stub columns: Experiments and design formulations. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2019, 155: 192–204

[25] Li W, Han L H, Zhao X L. Behavior of CFDST stub columns under preload, sustained load and chloride corrosion. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2015, 107: 12–23

[26] Chen J Y, Hai Y. Research on bearing capacity of short concrete filled double skin steel tubes columns under axial compression. Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 168: 2154–2157

[27] Wang F, Young B, Gardner L. Compressive testing and numerical modelling of concrete-filled double skin CHS with austenitic stainless steel outer tubes. Thin-walled Structures, 2019, 141: 345–359

[28] Han L H, Ren Q X, Li W. Tests on stub stainless steel−concrete−carbon steel double-skin tubular (DST) columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2011, 67(3): 437–452

[29] Zhang J G, Shu F, Zhao T J. Experimental study on axial compressive behavior of concrete-filled double skin stainless steel tube jacket leg of offshore platform. Journal of Building Structures, 2018, 39: 279–285

[30] Li Y L, Zhao X L, Raman R S, Yu X. Axial compression tests on seawater and sea sand concrete-filled double-skin stainless steel circular tubes. Engineering Structures, 2018, 176: 426–438

[31] Mansur M A, Asce M, Islam M M. Interpretation of concrete strength for nonstandard specimens. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2002, 14(2): 151–155

[32] Song Z N, Shi Y X. The effect of high strengthening of concrete on its size effect. Concrete, 2003, 8: 17–19

[33] Huang H, Han L H, Tao Z, Zhao X L. Analytical behaviour of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2010, 66(4): 542–555

[34] Wang F C, Han L H, Li W. Analytical behavior of CFDST stub columns with external stainless steel tubes under axial compression. Thin-walled Structures, 2018, 127: 756–768

[35] Hassanein M F, Kharoob O F. Compressive strength of circular concrete-filled double skin tubular short columns. Thin-walled Structures, 2014, 77: 165–173

[36] EN1994-1-1. Eurocode 4: Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures, Part 1.1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2004

[37] AS5100.6-2004. Bridge Design Part 6: Steel and Composite Construction. Sydney: Standards Australia, 2004

[38] ANSI/AISC360-16. Specification for Structural Steel Buildings. Chicago, MI: American Institute of Steel Construction, 2016

[39] Hassanein M F, Kharoob O F, Liang Q Q. Circular concrete-filled double skin tubular short columns with external stainless steel tubes under axial compression. Thin-walled Structures, 2013, 73: 252–263

[40] Ipek S, Güneyisi E M, Mermerdas K, Algın Z. Optimization and modeling of axial strength of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular columns using response surface and neural-network methods. Journal of Building Engineering, 2021, 43: 103128

[41] Tao Z, Wang Z B, Yu Q. Finite element modelling of concrete-filled steel stub columns under axial compression. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2013, 89: 121–131

[42] Han L H, Yao G H, Zhao X L. Tests and calculations for hollow structural steel (HSS) stub columns filled with self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2005, 61(9): 1241–1269

[43] Hu H T, Su F C. Nonlinear analysis of short concrete-filled double skin tube columns subjected to axial compressive forces. Marine Structures, 2011, 24(4): 319–337

[44] Saenz I P. Discussion of ‘Equation for the stress−strain curve of concrete’ by P. Desayi and S. Krishnan. ACI Journal, 1964, 61: 1229–1235

[45] Lim J C, Ozbakkaloglu T. Investigation of the influence of the application path of confining pressure: Tests on actively confined and FRP-confined concretes. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2015, 141(8): 04014203

[46] Lai M H, Song W, Qu X L, Chen M T, Wang Q, Ho J C M. A path dependent stress−strain model for concrete-filled-steel-tube column. Engineering Structures, 2020, 211: 110312

[47] Lin S, Zhao Y G, He L. Stress paths of confined concrete in axially loaded circular concrete-filled steel tube stub columns. Engineering Structures, 2018, 173: 1019–1028

[48] Yang J Q, Feng P. Analysis-oriented model for FRP confined high-strength concrete: 3D interpretation of path dependency. Composite Structures, 2021, 278: 114695

[49] Zhao Y G, Lin S, Lu Z H, Saito T, He L. Loading paths of confined concrete in circular concrete loaded CFT stub columns subjected to axial compression. Engineering Structures, 2018, 156: 21–31

[50] Xu F, Chen J, Jin W L. Experimental investigation of thin-walled concrete-filled steel tube columns with reinforced lattice angle. Thin-walled Structures, 2014, 84: 59–67

[51] Liang Q Q, Fragomeni S. Nonlinear analysis of circular concrete-filled steel tubular short columns under axial loading. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2009, 65(12): 2186–2196

[52] Liang Q Q. Nonlinear analysis of circular double-skin concrete-filled steel tubular columns under axial compression. Engineering Structures, 2017, 131: 639–650

[53] Li W, Han L H, Zhao X L. Axial strength of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns with preload on steel tubes. Thin-walled Structures, 2012, 56: 9–20

[54] Pagoulatou M, Sheehan T, Dai X H, Lam D. Finite element analysis on the capacity of circular concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns. Engineering Structures, 2014, 72: 102–112

[55] Elchalakani M, Patel V I, Karrech A, Hassanein M F, Fawzia S, Yang B. Finite element simulation of circular short CFDST columns under axial compression. Structures, 2019, 20: 607–619

[56] Patel V I, Liang Q Q, Hadi M. Numerical analysis of circular double-skin concrete-filled stainless steel tubular short columns under axial loading. Structures, 2020, 24: 754–765

[57] Mai S H, Seghier M, Nguyen P L. A hybrid model for predicting the axial compression capacity of square concrete-filled steel tubular columns. Engineering with Computers, 2020, 38(2): 1–18

[58] Naser M Z, Thai S, Tai H T. Evaluating structural response of concrete-filled steel tubular columns through machine learning. Journal of Building Engineering, 2021, 34: 101888

[59] Le T T. Practical machine learning-based prediction model for axial capacity of square CFST columns. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022, 29(12): 1782–1797

[60] Nguyen Q H, Ly H B, Tran V Q, Nguyen T A, Phan V H, Le T T, Pham B T. A novel hybrid model based on a feedforward neural network and one step secant algorithm for prediction of load-bearing capacity of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube columns. Molecules, 2020, 25(15): 1–26

[61] Luat N V, Shin J, Lee K. Hybrid BART-based models optimized by nature-inspired metaheuristics to predict ultimate axial capacity of CCFST columns. Engineering with Computers, 2020, 38(2): 1–30

[62] Zarringol M, Thai H T, Thai S, Patel V. Application of ANN to the design of CFST columns. Structures, 2020, 28: 2203–2220

[63] Yang J Q, Feng P. Analysis-oriented models for FRP-confined concrete: 3D interpretation and general methodology. Engineering Structures, 2020, 216(8): 110749

[64] Teng J G, Huang Y L, Lam L, Ye L P. Theoretical model for fibre-reinforced polymer confined concrete. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2007, 11(2): 201–210

[65] Jiang J F, Xiao P C, Li B B. True-triaxial compressive behaviour of concrete under passive confinement. Construction & Building Materials, 2017, 156(12): 584–598

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press