Laboratory investigation of emulsified asphalt binder modified with wood-derived nano-cellulose and nano paper-cellulose

Abstract

Emulsified asphalt is the primary material for preventive maintenance and cold-mix paving, but its low cohesive strength and poor mechanical properties limit its wide application, even with polymer modification. In this study, Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) emulsified asphalt was modified with nano-cellulose materials, namely nano paper-cellulose (NPC) and wood-derived nano-cellulose (WDC), to improve its properties. A novel preparation method of nano-cellulose solution was developed, including blending, ultrasonic stirring, and centrifugal treatment. Four types of nano-cellulose solution (0.5% NPC, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% WDC by weight of water) were selected. The microscopy analysis indicated that 0.5% WDC emulsion had a smaller particle size than 1.5% WDC emulsion. The rheology test indicated that WDC modified residue improved rutting resistance with the increased solution dosage due to the cross-linking effect, but its creep-and-recovery performance was worse than that of SBR emulsion residue. The NPC modified binder had a higher rutting factor than WDC modified binder at the same dosage after short-term aging. In addition, 1.0% WDC could be regarded as the optimal dosage in terms of fatigue and low-temperature performance. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that 0.5% NPC modified residue performed better in long-term aging resistance compared with 0.5%WDC modified asphalt.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

nano-cellulose / emulsified asphalt binder / dispersion / rheological properties / Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

References

[1] Hou X D, Xiao F P, Guo R, Xiang Q, Wang T, Wang J Y. Application of spectrophotometry on detecting asphalt content of emulsified asphalt. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 215: 626–633

[2] WangC AWuY LGuoM YChenM C. Development and applications of bitumen emulsion and its emulsifiers. Guangzhou Chemistry, 2006, 31(1): 54−60 (in Chinese)

[3] Liu Y Y, Zhang Z Y, Tan L J, Xu Y, Wang C H, Liu P F, Yu H Y, Oeser M. Laboratory evaluation of emulsified asphalt reinforced with glass fiber treated with different methods. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 274: 123116

[4] GuanX. Research of performance for nano-ZnO/SBR modified asphalt mixture. Technology of Highway and Transport, 2021, 37(3): 28−33 (in Chinese)

[5] Islam R M, Arafat S, Wasiuddin N M. Quantification of reduction in hydraulic conductivity and skid resistance caused by fog seal in low-volume roads. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2017, 2657(1): 99–108

[6] Xu L, Zhao Z F, Li X R, Yuan J, Zhou Q Y, Xiao F P. Cracking investigation on fog seal technology with waterborne acrylate and polyurethane as a clean modification approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 329: 129751

[7] Zhang H L, Su M M, Zhao S F, Zhang Y P, Zhang Z P. High and low temperature properties of nano-particles/polymer modified asphalt. Construction & Building Materials, 2016, 114: 323–332

[8] Yan C Q, Lv Q, Zhang A A, Ai C F, Huang W D, Ren D Y. Modeling the modulus of bitumen/SBS composite at different temperatures based on kinetic models. Composites Science and Technology, 2022, 218: 109146

[9] Yang J, Tighe S. A review of advances of nanotechnology in asphalt mixtures. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013, 96: 1269–1276

[10] Sun L, Xin X T, Wang H Y, Gu W J. Microscopic mechanismvof modified asphalt by multi-dimensional and multi-scale nanomaterial. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2012, 40(10): 1437–1447

[11] Li R Y, Xiao F P, Amirkhanian S, You Z P, Huang J. Developments of nano materials and technologies on asphalt materials—A review. Construction & Building Materials, 2017, 143: 633–648

[12] He S J, Wang Y Q, Xi M M, Lin J, Xue Y, Zhang L Q. Prevention of oxide aging acceleration by nano-dispersed clay in styrene-butadiene rubber matrix. Polymer Degradation & Stability, 2013, 98(9): 1773–1779

[13] Zhu C Z, Zhang H L, Xu G Q, Shi C J. Aging rheological characteristics of SBR modified asphalt with multi-dimensional nanomaterials. Construction & Building Materials, 2017, 151: 388–393

[14] Zhang H L, Zhu C Z, Yu J Y, Shi C J, Zhang D M. Influence of surface modification on physical and ultraviolet aging resistance of bitumen containing inorganic nanoparticles. Construction & Building Materials, 2015, 98: 735–740

[15] HuangBLuQ LTangL R. Research progress of nanocellulose manufacture and application. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2016, 1(5): 1−9 (in Chinese)

[16] YaoW RXuQ H. Research development of nano-cellulose preparation. Paper and Paper Making, 2014, 33(11): 49−55 (in Chinese)

[17] Khattak M J, Khattab A, Rizvi H R, Zhang P F. The impact of carbon nano-fiber modification on asphalt binder rheology. Construction & Building Materials, 2012, 30: 257–264

[18] Khattak M J, Khattab A, Rizvi H R. Characterization of carbon nano-fiber modified hot mix asphalt mixtures. Construction & Building Materials, 2013, 40: 738–745

[19] Ghabchi R, Castro M P P. Effect of laboratory-produced cellulose nanofiber as an additive on performance of asphalt binders and mixes. Construction & Building Materials, 2021, 286: 122922

[20] Jin J, Gao Y C, Wu Y R, Li R, Liu R H, Wei H, Qian G P, Zheng J L. Performance evaluation of surface-organic grafting on the palygorskite nanofiber for the modification of asphalt. Construction & Building Materials, 2021, 268: 121072

[21] Khattak M J, Khattab A, Zhang P F, Rizvi H R, Pesacreta T. Microstructure and fracture morphology of carbon nano-fiber modified asphalt and hot mix asphalt mixtures. Materials and Structures, 2013, 46(12): 2045–2057

[22] Yang Q L, Li X L, Zhang L, Qian Y, Qi Y Z, Kouhestani H S, Shi X M, Gui X C, Wang D W, Zhong J. Performance evaluation of bitumen with a homogeneous dispersion of carbon nanotubes. Carbon, 2020, 158: 465–471

[23] Li J, Yao S L, Xiao F P, Amirkhanian S N. Surface modification of ground tire rubber particles by cold plasma to improve compatibility in rubberised asphalt. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022, 23(3): 651–662

[24] LiuZ C. Reason for aggregation of nanoparticles in nano-materials and solutions. Value Engineering, 2017, 36(13): 157−158 (in Chinese)

[25] Jamshidi A, Hasan M R M, Yao H, You Z P, Hamzah M O. Characterization of the rate of change of rheological properties of nano-modified asphalt. Construction & Building Materials, 2015, 98: 437–446

[26] Khadivar A, Kavussi A. Rheological characteristics of SBR and NR polymer modified bitumen emulsions at average pavement temperatures. Construction & Building Materials, 2013, 47: 1099–1105

[27] JTGE20-2011. Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixtures for Highway Engineering. Beijing: Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, 2011 (in Chinese)

[28] JTGF40-2004. Technical Specification for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavement. Beijing: Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, 2004 (in Chinese)

[29] Saito T, Isogai A. Ion-exchange behavior of carboxylate groups in fibrous cellulose oxidized by the TEMPO-mediated system. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2005, 61(2): 183–190

[30] Mathew A P, Oksman K, Karim Z, Liu P, Khan S A, Naseri N. Process scale up and characterization of wood cellulose nanocrystals hydrolysed using bioethanol pilot plant. Industrial Crops and Products, 2014, 58: 212–219

[31] Bragd P L, van Bekkum H, Besemer A C. TEMPO-mediated oxidation of polysaccharides: survey of methods and applications. Topics in Catalysis, 2004, 27(1): 49–66

[32] Dai S L, Wang Y, Zhang J Y, Zhao Y W, Xiao F P, Liu D P, Wang T R, Huang J. Wood-derived nanopaper dielectrics for organic synaptic transistors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(46): 39983–39991

[33] AASHTOT-315. Standard Method of Test for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Washington, D.C.: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 2019

[34] Elwardany M, Planche J P, King G. Universal and practical approach to evaluate asphalt binder resistance to thermally-induced surface damage. Construction & Building Materials, 2020, 255: 119331

[35] Anderson R M, King G N, Hanson D I, Blankenship P B. Evaluation of the relationship between asphalt binder properties and non-load related cracking. Electronic Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 2011, 80: 615–664

[36] Hou X D, Lv S T, Chen Z, Xiao F P. Applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technologies on asphalt materials. Measurement, 2018, 121: 304–316

[37] Amirkhanian A N, Xiao F P, Amirkhanian S N. Characterization of unaged asphalt binder modified with carbon nano particles. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 2011, 4(5): 281–286

[38] Wang S Q, Wei C, Gong Y Y, Lv J, Yu C B, Yu J H. Cellulose nanofiber-assisted dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals@polyaniline in water and its conductive films. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(12): 10168–10174

[39] Souza L O, Cordazzo M, Souza L M S, Tonoli G, Silva F A, Mechtcherine V. Investigation of dispersion methodologies of microcrystalline and nano-fibrillated cellulose on cement pastes. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2022, 126: 104351

[40] TianHZengM LWuC FXiaYZhuY F. Effect of glass fiber and plant fiber on high temperature performance of unaged and aged asphalt mortar. Highway Engineering, 2008, 33(4): 37−41 (in Chinese)

[41] Yuan B N, Guo M H, Huang Z H, Naik N, Hu Q, Guo Z H. A UV-shielding and hydrophobic graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets/cellulose nanofibril (gCNNS/CNF) transparent coating on wood surface for weathering resistance. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2021, 159: 106440

[42] Cheng H L, Sun L J, Wang Y H, Chen X Y. Effects of actual loading waveforms on the fatigue behaviours of asphalt mixtures. International Journal of Fatigue, 2021, 151: 106386

[43] CastroM P P. Effects of cellulose nano-fiber as an additive on performance of asphalt binders and mixes. Thesis for the Master’s Degree. Vermillion, SD: South Dakota State University, 2020

[44] Hou X D, Xiao F P, Wang J Y, Amirkhanian S. Identification of asphalt aging characterization by spectrophotometry technique. Fuel, 2018, 226: 230–239

[45] Zhang H Y, Xu G, Chen X H, Wang R, Shen K R. Effect of long-term laboratory aging on rheological properties and cracking resistance of polymer-modified asphalt binders at intermediate and low temperature range. Construction & Building Materials, 2019, 226: 767–777

[46] Wang J Y, Wang T, Hou X D, Xiao F P. Modelling of rheological and chemical properties of asphalt binder considering SARA fraction. Fuel, 2019, 238: 320–330

[47] Chen S, Xu H, He X Y, Su Y, Zhang B, Liu Q. Oil-grinded recycled kapok fiber as a bio-packing for eco-friendly modified asphalt and its aging resistance behavior. Construction & Building Materials, 2022, 320: 126293

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51778478). The authors are also deeply grateful for the support from the Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education in Tongji University.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2022 Higher Education Press