Investigation of the interior RC beam-column joints under monotonic antisymmetrical load

Abstract

The paper presents numerical findings of reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints under monotonic antisymmetrical load. The finite element models considered compression and tension damage were calibrated by test results in terms of the load-displacement, failure modes, and strains of longitudinal steel. The emphasis was put on studying the effects of hoop reinforcement ratio in joint core and the axial compression ratio on the responses of the joints. The results show that, in addition to the truss and strut-and-tie mechanisms, the confinement mechanism also existed in the joint core. A certain amount of stirrup is not only able to enhance the confinement in joint core, undertake a part of shear force and thus to increase the shear capacity, prevent the outward buckling of steel bars in column, improve the stress distribution in joint core, delay cracking and restrain the propagation of cracks, but also to increase the yield load, decrease the yield displacement of beam and improve the joint ductility. However, excessive horizontal stirrups contribute little to the joint performance. In a certain range, larger axial compression ratio is beneficial for the joint mechanical behavior, while it is negative when axial compression ratio is too large.

Keywords

RC beam-column joint / reinforcement ratio in joint core / axial compression ratio / finite element / test

References

[1] Park R, Paulay T. Behavior of reinforced concrete external beam-column joints under cyclic loading. In: Proceedings of the 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Rome, 1973, 772–781

[2] Paulay T, Park R, Preistley M J N. Reinforced concrete beam-column joints under seismic actions. ACI Journal Proceedings, 1978, 75(11): 585–593

[3] Ehsani M R, Wight J K. Exterior reinforced concrete beam-column connections subjected to earthquake type loading. ACI Journal Proceedings, 1985, 82(4): 492–499

[4] Durrani A J, Wight J K. Behavior of interior beam-to-column connections under earthquake-type loading. ACI Journal Proceedings, 1985, 82(3): 343–349

[5] MacGregor J G, Wight J K, Teng S, Irawan P. Reinforced concrete: Mechanics and design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997

[6] Alaee P, Li B. High-strength concrete exterior beam-column joints with high-yield strength steel reinforcements. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2017, 143(7): 04017038

[7] Alaee P, Li B. High-strength concrete exterior beam-column joints with high-yield strength steel reinforcements. Engineering Structures, 2017, 145: 305–321

[8] Park S, Mosalam K M. Analytical model for predicting shear strength of unreinforced exterior beam-column joints. ACI Structural Journal, 2012, 109(2): 149–159

[9] Kim J, LaFave J M. Key influence parameters for the joint shear behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column connections. Engineering Structures, 2007, 29(10): 2523–2539

[10] Sharma A, Eligehausen R, Reddy G R. A new model to simulate joint shear behavior of poorly detailed beam-column connections in RC structures under seismic loads, Part I: Exterior joints. Engineering Structures, 2011, 33(3): 1034–1051

[11] Standards New Zealand. Concrete Structures Standard: Part 1—The Design of Concrete Structure. NZS 3101, Standards New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand, 2006

[12] ACI. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. ACI 318-08, American Concrete Institute, 2008

[13] Eurocode 8. Design Provisions for Earthquake Resistance of Structures. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization, 1994

[14] GB50010-2010. Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures. Beijing: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, 2010

[15] Bonacci J, Pantazoupoulou S. Parametric investigation of joint mechanics. ACI Structural Journal, 1993, 90(1): 61–71

[16] Li B, Tran C T N, Pan T C. Experimental and numerical investigations on the seismic behavior of lightly reinforced concrete beam-column joints. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2009, 135(9): 1007–1018

[17] Hwang S J, Lee H J, Liao T F, Wang K C. Role of hoops on shear strength of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. ACI Structural Journal, 2005, 102(3): 445–453

[18] Murty C V R, Rai D, Bajpai K K, Jain S K. Effectiveness of reinforcement details in exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints for earthquake resistance. ACI Structural Journal, 2003, 100(2): 149–156

[19] Bakir P G, Boduroğlu H M. A new design equation for predicting the joint shear strength of monotonically loaded exterior beam-column joints. Engineering Structures, 2002, 24(8): 1105–1117

[20] Haach V G, Lúcia Homce De Cresce El Debs A, Khalil El Debs M. Evaluation of the influence of the column axial load on the behavior of monotonically loaded R/C exterior beam-column joints through numerical simulations. Engineering Structures, 2008, 30(4): 965–975

[21] Hegger J, Sherif A, Roeser W. Nonseismic design of beam-column joints. ACI Structural Journal, 2003, 100(5): 654–664

[22] Feng D C, Xu J. An efficient fiber beam-column element considering flexure-shearinteraction and anchorage bond-slip effect for cyclic analysis of RC structures. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2018, 16(11): 5425–5452

[23] Li B, Leong C L. Experimental and numerical investigations of the seismic behavior of high-strength concrete beam-column joints with column axial load. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2015, 141(9): 04014220

[24] Zhang P Z, Hou S, Ou J P. A beam-column joint element for analysis of reinforced concrete frame structures. Engineering Structures, 2016, 118: 125–136

[25] Feng D C, Ren X, Li J. Cyclic behavior modeling of reinforced concrete shear walls based on softened damage-plasticity model. Engineering Structures, 2018, 166: 363–375

[26] Feng D C, Ren X, Li J. Softened damage-plasticity model for analysis of cracked reinforced concrete structures. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2018, 144(6): 04018044

[27] Feng D C, Li J. Stochastic nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete frames. II: Numerical simulation. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2016, 142(3): 04015163

[28] Hamdia K M, Silani M, Zhuang X, He P, Rabczuk T. Stochastic analysis of the fracture toughness of polymeric nanoparticle composites using polynomial chaos expansions. International Journal of Fracture, 2017, 206(2): 215–227

[29] Vu-Bac N, Lahmer T, Zhuang X, Nguyen-Thoi T, Rabczuk T. A software framework for probabilistic sensitivity analysis for computationally expensive models. Advances in Engineering Software, 2016, 100: 19–31

[30] Rabczuk T, Akkermann J, Eibl J. A numerical model for reinforced concrete structures. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2005, 42(5–6): 1327–1354

[31] Rabczuk T, Belytschko T. Cracking particles: A simplified meshfree method for arbitrary evolving cracks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2004, 61(13): 2316–2343

[32] Rabczuk T, Belytschko T. A three-dimensional large deformation meshfree method for arbitrary evolving cracks. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 196(29–30): 2777–2799

[33] Rabczuk T, Belytschko T. Application of particle methods to static fracture of reinforced concrete structures. International Journal of Fracture, 2006, 137(1–4): 19–49

[34] Rabczuk T, Bordas S, Zi G. On three-dimensional modelling of crack growth using partition of unity methods. Computers & Structures, 2010, 88(23–24): 1391–1411

[35] Rabczuk T, Zi G, Bordas S, Nguyen-Xuan H. A simple and robust three-dimensional cracking-particle method without enrichment. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 199(37–40): 2437–2455

[36] Rabczuk T, Eibl J. Numerical analysis of prestressed concrete beams using a coupled element free Galerkin/finite element approach. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2004, 41(3–4): 1061–1080

[37] Rabczuk T, Zi G, Bordas S, Nguyen-Xuan H. A geometrically non-linear three-dimensional cohesive crack method for reinforced concrete structures. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2008, 75(16): 4740–4758

[38] Sarsam K F, Phipps M E. The shear design of in situ reinforced concrete beam-column joints subjected to monotonic loading. Magazine of Concrete Research, 1985, 37(130): 16–28

[39] ACI-ASCE Committee 352. Recommendations for Design of Beam-Column Joints in Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures (ACI 352R-02). Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute, 2002

[40] Kwak H G, Filippou F C. Nonlinear FE analysis of RC structures under monotonic loads. Computers & Structures, 1997, 65(1): 1–16

[41] Hegger J, Sherif A, Roeser W. Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beam-column connections. ACI Structural Journal, 2004, 101(5): 604–614

[42] ABAQUS. ABAQUS Standard User’s Manual, Version 6.9. Providence, RI: DassaultSystèmes Corp., 2009

[43] Feng D C, Wu G, Lu Y. Finite element modelling approach for precast reinforced concrete beam-to-column connections under cyclic loading. Engineering Structures, 2018, 174: 49–66

[44] Braconi A, Salvatore W, Tremblay R, Bursi O S. Behaviour and modelling of partial-strength beam-to-column composite joints for seismic applications. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2007, 36(1): 142–161

[45] El-Tawil S, Sanz-Picon C F, Deierlein G G. Evaluation of ACI-318 and AISC (LRFD) strength provisions for composite columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 1995, 34(1): 103–123

[46] Hajjar J F, Gourley B C. Representation of concrete filled steel tube cross-section strength. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1996, 122(11): 1327–1336

[47] Li B, Wu Y, Pan T C. Seismic behavior of nonseismically detailed interior beam-wide column joints-Part II: Theoretical comparisons and analytical studies. ACI Structural Journal, 2003, 100(1): 56–65

[48] Mahini S S, Ronagh H R. Numerical modelling of FRP strengthened RC beam-column joints. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2009, 32(5): 649–665

[49] Mirza S A, Hyttinen V, Hyttinen E. Physical tests and analysis of composite steel-concrete beam-columns. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1996, 122(11): 1317–1326

[50] Monti G, Spacone E. Reinforced concrete fiber beam element with bond-slip. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2000, 126(6): 654–661

[51] Sagbas G, Vecchio F J, Christopoulos C. Computational modeling of the seismic performance of beam-column subassemblies. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2011, 15(4): 640–663

[52] Sasmal S, Novák B, Ramanjaneyulu K. Numerical analysis of fiber composite-steel plate upgraded beam-column sub-assemblages under cyclic loading. Composite Structures, 2011, 93(2): 599–610

[53] Spacone E, El-Tawil S. Nonlinear analysis of steel-concrete composite structures: State of the art. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2004, 130(2): 159–168

[54] Lubliner J, Oliver J, Oller S, Oñate E. A plastic-damage model for concrete. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 1989, 25(3): 299–326

[55] Chen G M, Chen J F, Teng J G. On the finite element modelling of RC beams shear-strengthened with FRP. Construction & Building Materials, 2012, 32: 13–26

[56] Lin J P, Wu Y F, Smith S T. Width factor for externally bonded FRP-to-concrete joints. Construction & Building Materials, 2017, 155: 818–829

[57] GB/T50152–2012. Standard for Test Method of Concrete Structures. Beijing: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, 2012

[58] Guo Z H. The Strength and Deformation of Concrete: Experimental Basis and Constitutive Models. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1997

[59] Zhao X M, Wu Y F, Leung A Y T. Analyses of plastic hinge regions in reinforced concrete beams under monotonic loading. Engineering Structures, 2012, 34: 466–482

[60] Lin J P, Wu Y F. Numerical analysis of interfacial bond behavior of externally bonded FRP-to-concrete joints. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2016, 20(5): 04016028

[61] Chung Y S, Meyer C, Shinozuka M. Modeling of concrete damage. ACI Structural Journal, 1989, 86(3): 259–271

[62] Lee J, Fenves G L. Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1998, 124(8): 892–900

[63] Comi C, Perego U. Fracture energy based bi-dissipative damage model for concrete. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2001, 38(36–37): 6427–6454

[64] Shayanfar J, Akbarzadeh H. A practical model for simulating nonlinear behaviour of FRP strengthened RC beam-column joints. Steel and Composite Structures, 2018, 27(1): 49–74

[65] Fu J P, Zhang D C, Chen T, Bai S L. Experimental research on mechanics of force transmission and performance of shock-resistant joints with upper moderate shear-compression ratio. Journal of Chongqing University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 28(6): 84–90

[66] Fu J P, Chen X Y, Chen T, Bai S L. Experimental study on shock-resistant mechanism of frame joints with low to moderate shear-compression ratio. Journal of Chongqing Architecture University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 27(1): 41–47

[67] Zhang Y, Wang Z. Seismic behavior of reinforced concrete shear walls subjected to high axial loading. ACI Structural Journal, 2000, 97(5): 739–750

[68] Li P D, Wu Y F. Stress-strain model of FRP confined concrete under cyclic loading. Composite Structures, 2015, 134: 60–71

[69] Li P D, Wu Y F, Zhou Y W, Xing F. Cyclic stress-strain model for FRP-confined concrete considering post-peak softening. Composite Structures, 2018, 201: 902–915

[70] Quan C, Wang W, Zhou J, Wang R. Cyclic behavior of stiffened joints between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm and partial joint penetration welds. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2016, 10(3): 333–344

[71] Wu Y F, Hu B. Shear strength components in reinforced concrete members. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2017, 143(9): 04017092

[72] Hu B, Wu Y F. Quantification of shear cracking in reinforced concrete beams. Engineering Structures, 2017, 147: 666–678

[73] Hu B, Wu Y F. Effect of shear span-to-depth ratio on shear strength components of RC beams. Engineering Structures, 2018, 168: 770–783

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature