Effect of axial load and transverse reinforcements on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns

Abstract

The aim of this research is to assess the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns under different axial load and transverse reinforcement ratios. These two parameters are very important as for the ductility, strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity for a given reinforced concrete column. Effects of variable axial load ratio and transverse reinforcement ratio on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns are thoroughly analyzed. The finite element computer program Seismo-Structure was used to perform the analysis of series of reinforced concrete columns tested by the second author and other researchers. In order to reflect the reality and grasp the actual behavior of the specimens, special attention was paid to select the models for concrete, confined concrete, and steel components. Good agreements were obtained between the experimental and the analytical results either for the lateral force-drift relationships or for the damage progress prediction at different stages of the loading.

Keywords

reinforced concrete columns / axial load / transverse reinforcement / ductility

References

[1] Sargin M, Ghosh S K, Handa V K. Effects of lateral reinforcement upon the strength and deformation properties of concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research, 1971, 23(75–76): 99–110

[2] Azizinamini A, Corley W G, Johal L S P. Effects of transverse reinforcement on seismic performance of columns. ACI Structural Journal, 1992, 89(4): 442–450

[3] ACI Committee 318. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute, 1983

[4] Lynn A C, Moehle J P, Mahin S A, Holmes W T. Seismic evaluation of existing reinforced concrete building columns. Earthquake Spectra, 1996, 12(4): 715–739

[5] Skeikh S A, Khoury S S. Confined concrete columns with stubs. ACI Structural Journal, 1993, 90(4): 414–431

[6] ACI Committee 318. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute, 1989

[7] Saatciolglu M, Ozcebe G. Response of reinforced concrete columns to simulated seismic loading. ACI Structural Journal, 1989, 86(1): 3–12

[8] Wehbe N I, Saiidi M S, Sanders D H. Seismic performance of rectangular bridge columns with moderate confinement. ACI Structural Journal, 1999, 96(2): 248–259

[9] Lam S S E, Wu B, Wong Y L, Wang Z Y, Liu Z Q, Li C S. Drift capacity of rectangular reinforced concrete columns with low lateral confinement. Structural Engineering, 2003, 129(6): 733–742

[10] Xiao J, Zhang C. Seismic behavior of RC columns with circular: square and diamond sections. Construction & Building Materials, 2008, 22(5): 801–810

[11] Seismosoft. SeismoStruct v7.0 – A computer program for static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of framed structures. 2014

[12] Mo Y L, Wang S J. Seismic behavior of RC columns with various tie configurations. Structural Engineering, 2000, 126(10): 1122–1130

[13] Saatcioglu M, Grira M. Confinement of reinforced concrete columns with welded reinforcement grids. ACI Structural Journal, 1999, 96(1): 29–39

[14] Watson, Soesianawati M T, Park R. Design of Reinforced Concrete Frames of Limited Ductility, Report 89-4. 1989

[15] Soesianawati M T, Park R, Priestley M J N. Limited Ductility Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns, Report 86-10. 1986

[16] Shibata A, Sozen M A. Substitute-structure method for seismic design in R/C. Journal of the Structural Division, 1976, 102(S1): 1–18

[17] Bechtoula H, Kono S, Watanabe F. Experimental and analytical investigation of seismic performance of cantilever reinforced concrete columns under varying transverse and axial loads. Journal of Asian Architecture & Building Engineering, 2005, 4(2): 467–474

[18] Kono S, Bechtoula H, Sakashita M, Tanaka H, Watanabe F, Eberhard M O. Damage assessment of reinforced concrete columns under high axial loading. ACI Special Publication, 2006, 237(SP): 165–176

[19] Correia A A, Virtuoso F B E. Nonlinear Analysis of Space Frames, Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Computational Mechanics: Solids, Structures and Coupled Problems in Engineering. Lisbon, 2006

[20] Filippou F C, Fenves G L. Earthquake Engineering - From Engineering Seismology to Performance-Based Engineering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004

[21] Fragiadakis M, Papadrakakis M. Modeling, analysis and reliability of seismically excited structures: computational issues. Computational Methods, 2008, 5(4): 483–511

[22] Hellesland J, Scordelis A. Analysis of RC bridge columns under imposed deformations. In: Proceeding of the IABSE Colloquium. Delft, 1981, 545–559

[23] Mari A, Scordelis A. Nonlinear Geometric Material and Time Dependent Analysis of Three Dimensional Reinforced and Pre-stressed Concrete Frames. SESM Report 82-12. 1984

[24] Spacone E, Ciampi V, Filippou F C. Mixed formulation of nonlinear beam finite element. Computers & Structures, 1996, 58(1): 71–83

[25] Neuenhofer A, Filippou F C. Evaluation of nonlinear frame finite-element models. Structural Engineering, 1997, 123(7): 958–966

[26] Freitas J A T, Almeida J P M, Pereira E M B R. Non-conventional formulations for the finite element method. Computational Mechanics, 1999, 23(5–6): 488–501

[27] Alemdar B N, White D W. Displacement, flexibility, and mixed beam-column finite element formulations for distributed plasticity analysis. Structural Engineering, 2005, 131(12): 1811–1819

[28] Calabrese A, Almeida J P, Pinho R. Numerical issues in distributed inelasticity modeling of RC frame elements for seismic analysis. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2010, 14(S1): 38–68

[29] Mpampatsikos V, Nascimbene R, Petrini L. A critical review of the RC frame existing building assessment procedure according to Eurocode 8 and Italian seismic code. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2008, 12(S1): 52–58

[30] Yassin M H M. Nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete structures under monotonic and cyclic loads. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Berkeley: University of California, 1994

[31] Menegotto M, Pinto P E. Method of analysis for cyclically loaded R.C. plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behavior of elements under combined normal force and bending. In: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. Zurich: 1973, 15–22

[32] Filippou F C, Popov E P, Bertero V V. Effects of Bond Deterioration on Hysteretic Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Joints. Report EERC 83-19. 1983

[33] Monti G, Nuti C, Santini S. Cyrus-cyclic Response of Upgraded Sections. Report 96-2. 1996

[34] Prota A, de Cicco F, Cosenza E. Cyclic behavior of smooth steel reinforcing bars: experimental analysis and modeling issues. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2009, 13(4): 500–519

[35] Madas P. Advanced modeling of composite frames subjected to earthquake loading. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. London: University of London, 1993

[36] Mander J B, Priestley M J N, Park R. Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete. Structural Engineering, 1988, 114(8): 1804–1826

[37] Martínez-Rueda J E, Elnashai A S. Confined concrete model under cyclic load. Materials and Structures, 1997, 30(3): 139–147

[38] Williams M S, Sexsmith R G. Seismic damage indices for concrete structures: A state-of-the-art review. Earthquake Spectra, 1995, 11(2): 319–349

[39] Park Y J, Ang A H S. Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete. Structural Engineering, 1985, 111(4): 722–739

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2018 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature