Shear-critical reinforced concrete columns under various loading rates

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental study of shear-governed reinforced concrete columns subjected to different loading rates. Four typical short columns were tested cyclically with loading rate of 0.05, 1, 3, and 5 Hz, simulating seismic load. Test result indicated that the loading rate does not affect the column behavior when the rate is up to 5 Hz. Furthermore, Carbon Nano-Fiber Aggregates (CNFAs) were utilized as internal sensors to detect the damage in the column. The test result shows that the CNFAs work well sensing the structural behavior. The CNFA output was further quantitatively correlated to the structural damage level. Finally, a finite element analytical model was constructed to describe the behavior of short columns with shear failure. The analytical model successfully modeled the cyclic loading test results.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

reinforced concrete columns / shear failure / loading rate / Carbon Nano-Fiber Aggregates (CNFAs) / finite element analysis / OpenSees

References

[1] Hsu T T C, Mo Y L. Unified Theory of Concrete Structures. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2010

[2] Priestley M J N, Verma R, Xiao Y. Seismic shear strength of reinforced concrete columns. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1994, 120(8): 2310−2329

[3] Sezen H, Moehle J P. Shear strength model for lightly reinforced concrete columns. Journal o Structural Engineering, 2004, 130(11): 1692−1703.

[4] Vecchio F J, Collins M P. Stress-strain characteristic of reinforced concrete in pure shear. In: IABSE Colloquiumm, Advanced Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete, Delft, Final Report, International Association of Bridge and Structural Engineering. Zurich, 1981, 221−225

[5] Vecchio F J, Collins M P. The Response of Reinforced Concrete to In-plane Shear and Normal Stresses. Toronto: Publication 82-03 (ISBN 0-7727-7029-8), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 1982

[6] Vecchio F J, Collins M P. The modified compression field theory for reinforced concrete elements subjected to shear. ACI Journal Proceedings, 1986, 83(2): 219−231

[7] Hsu T T C, Zhang L X. Nonlinear analysis of membrane elements by fixed-angle softened-truss model. ACI Structural Journal, 1997, 94(5): 483−492

[8] Hsu T T C, Zhu R R H. Softened membrane model for reinforced concrete elements in shear. Structural Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 2002, 99(4): 460−469

[9] Hsu T T C, Mansour M Y, Mo Y L, Zhong J. Cyclic softened membrane model for nonlinear finite element analysis of concrete structures. ACI Special Publications, 2006, 237: 71−98

[10] Mo Y L, Zhong J X, Hsu T T C. Seismic simulation of rc wall-type structures. Engineering Structures, 2008, 30(11): 3167−3175

[11] Vecchio F J. Disturbed stress field model for reinforced concrete: Formulation. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2000, 126(9): 1070−1077

[12] Vecchio F J. Disturbed stress field model for reinforced concrete: Implementation. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2001, 127(1): 12−20

[13] Zhong J X. Model-based simulation of reinforced concrete plane stress structures. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Houston: University of Houston, 2005

[14] Fu H C, Erki M A, Seckin M. Review of effects of loading rate on concrete in compression. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1991, 117(12): 3645−3659

[15] Fu H C, Erki M A, Seckin M. Review of effects of loading rate on reinforced concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1991, 117(12): 3660−3679

[16] Ross C A, Jerome D M, Tedesco J, Hughes M L. Moisture and strain rate effects on concrete strength. ACI Materials Journal, 1996, 93(3): 293−300

[17] Ross C A, Tedesco J W, Kuennen S T. Effects of strain rate on concrete strength. ACI Materials Journal, 1995, 92(1): 37−47

[18] Gao D, Sturm M, Mo Y L. Electrical resistance of carbon-nanofiber concrete. Smart Materials and Structures, 2009, 18(9): 095039

[19] Howser R N, Dhonde H B, Mo Y L. Self-sensing of carbon nanofiber concrete columns subjected to reversed cyclic loading. Smart Materials and Structures, 2011, 20(8): 085031

[20] Howser R N. Development of multifunctional carbon nanofiber aggregate for concrete structural health monitoring. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Houston: University of Houston, 2013

[21] OpenSees. Open system for Earthquake Engineering Simulation. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. University of California, Berkeley

[22] Kent D C, Park R. Flexural members with confined concrete. Journal of the Structural Division, 1971, 97(7): 1969−1990

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg