Dimensional reduction for optical beams with thermal nonlocal nonlinearity

Abstract

Nonlocal optical nonlinearities arising from the thermorefractive effect provide a long-range material response determined by heat diffusion and absorption. In graded-index media, this nonlocality fundamentally alters modal interactions, yet its accurate modeling remains computationally demanding when starting from the full spatial nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation. In this work, inspired by the nonpolynomial Schr¨odinger equation (NPSE) framework, we extend the dimensional reduction techniques to incorporate thermally mediated nonlocal nonlinearities. By coupling the optical field to an equation for the temperature-induced refractive index change, and employing a variational ansatz based on Laguerre–Gauss modes of the annular kind, of arbitrary azimuthal order, we derive explicit analytic expressions for the variational equations. The resulting effective model captures the dependence of the nonlinear interaction on mode order and degree of nonlocality, providing a tractable reduced description of the dynamics in thermal nonlocal media.

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Higher Education Press 2026

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