Determining the critical transition current for metal transfer in gas metal arc welding (GMAW)

Abstract

It is of great significance to determine the critical transition current from globular transfer to spray transfer in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) because metal transfer modes affect the weld quality and welding productivity. In this study, a simple model is developed to calculate the critical transition current based on the analysis of various forces exerted on a pendent droplet at the electrode tip. It is found that the force exerted by the incoming molten metal from the wire on the drop, i.e., the term 等标签切断的公式，并移除 \begin{document} html = html.replace(/\$([\s\S]+?)\$/g, function(match, formula) { let clean = formula.replace(/<[^>]+>/g, '') // 删掉公式内部的 HTML 标签 .replace(/\\begin\{document\}/g, '') .replace(/\\end\{document\}/g, '') .replace(/ /g, ' '); // 修复空格实体 return '$' + clean.trim() + '$'; }); // B. 清理残留的预览层和无效 ID (防止 MathJax 跳过) container.innerHTML = html; $(container).find('.MathJax_Preview, .MathJax_Display, .MathJax').remove(); // --- 3. 触发渲染 --- if (window.MathJax && MathJax.Hub) { // 确保配置允许解析 $...$ MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: { inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\(','\\)']] } }); MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub, container]); } } $(document).ready(function() { mag_renderAllMath('zhaiyaojs_text'); });

Keywords

critical transition current / metal transfer / gas metal arc welding (GMAW)

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