Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies for acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapies have achieved unprecedented efficacy in B-cell tumors, prompting scientists and doctors to exploit this strategy to treat other tumor types. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of heterogeneous myeloid malignancies. Relapse remains the main cause of treatment failure, especially for patients with intermediate or high risk stratification. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could be an effective therapy because of the graft-versus-leukemia effect, which unfortunately puts the patient at risk of serious complications, such as graft-versus-host disease. Although the identification of an ideal target antigen for AML is challenging, CAR T therapy remains a highly promising strategy for AML patients, particularly for those who are ineligible to receive a transplantation or have positive minimal residual disease. In this review, we focus on the most recent and promising advances in CAR T therapies for AML.

Keywords

acute myeloid leukemia / CAR T / immunotherapy

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81730003), Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), Jiangsu Medical Outstanding Talents Project (No. JCRCA2016002), Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Center (No. YXZXA2016002), Innovation Capability Development Project of Jiangsu Province (No. BM2015004), and National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2017YFA0104502 and 2017ZX09304021).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Bin Gu, Jianhong Chu, and Depei Wu declare that they have no financial conflicts of interest. This manuscript is a review article and does not involve research protocols that require the approval of the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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