Oxidative stress and diabetes: antioxidative strategies

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Considerable recent evidence suggests that the cellular reduction–oxidation (redox) imbalance leads to oxidative stress and subsequent occurrence and development of diabetes and related complications by regulating certain signaling pathways involved in β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Reactive oxide species (ROS) can also directly oxidize certain proteins (defined as redox modification) involved in the diabetes process. There are a number of potential problems in the clinical application of antioxidant therapies including poor solubility, storage instability and non-selectivity of antioxidants. Novel antioxidant delivery systems may overcome pharmacokinetic and stability problem and improve the selectivity of scavenging ROS. We have therefore focused on the role of oxidative stress and antioxidative therapies in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Precise therapeutic interventions against ROS and downstream targets are now possible and provide important new insights into the treatment of diabetes.

Keywords

diabetes / oxidative stress / redox modification / antioxidative therapy / novel antioxidant delivery

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81770580, 81430071, 81821002, and 81790251) and Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2018RZ0133).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Pengju Zhang, Tao Li, Xingyun Wu, Edouard C. Nice, Canhua Huang, and Yuanyuan Zhang declare no conflict of interest. This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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