Innovative development path of ethnomedicines: the interpretation of the path

Abstract

One of the primary purposes of the innovative development of ethnomedicines is to use their excellent safety and significant efficacy to serve a broader population. To achieve this purpose, modern scientific and technological means should be referenced, and relevant national laws and regulations as well as technical guides should be strictly followed to develop standards and to perform systemic research in producing ethnomedicines. Finally, ethnomedicines, which are applied to a limited extent in ethnic areas, can be transformed into safe, effective, and quality-controllable medical products to relieve the pain of more patients. The innovative development path of ethnomedicines includes the following three primary stages: resource study, standardized development research, and industrialization of the achievements and efforts for internationalization. The implementation of this path is always guaranteed by the research and development platform and the talent team. This article is based on the accumulation of long-term practice and is combined with the relevant disciplines, laws and regulations, and technical guidance from the research and development of ethnomedicines. The intention is to perform an in-depth analysis and explanation of the major research thinking, methods, contents, and technical paths involved in all stages of the innovative development path of ethnomedicines to provide useful references for the development of proper ethnomedicine use.

Keywords

ethnomedicines / innovative development path / resource study / standardized development research / industrialization / internationalization

References

[1] Zhu Z, Wang T, Fu D, Gui Y, Wang J, Cui T. Innovative development path of ethnomedicines: an overview of ethnomedicines in China. Front Med 2016; 10(2): 166–177

[2] Li F, Ma SR. Introduction to Chinese Ethnomedicine. 1st ed. Beijing: China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2009 (in Chinese)

[3] Cui J, Tang L. Introduction to Traditional Medicine in Chinese Minorities. 1st ed. Beijing: Minzu University of China Press, 2007 (in Chinese)

[4] Wang ZH, Xiang XW. Thought on the protection, inheritance, and development of the traditional medicinal culture of minorities. J Yunnan Coll Tradit Chin Med (Yunnan Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao) 2012; 35(2): 1–4 (in Chinese)

[5] Du RF. Intellectual Property Right Protection of Chinese Traditional Medicine. 1st ed. Beijing: People’s Court Press, 2005 (in Chinese)

[6] Huang CG. Status and development of folk medicine in the contemporary medicine of China. Capital Med (Shou Du Yi Yao) 1998; 5(7): 34 (in Chinese)

[7] Du J. Basic method of investigation on ethnomedicines. J Med Pharm Chin Minorities(Zhongguo Min Zu Yi Yao Za Zhi) 2008; 6(6): 47–48 (in Chinese)

[8] Yi LT. Several thoughts on the methods and means of rescue excavation of ethnomedicines. J Med Pharm Chin Minorities (Zhongguo Min Zu Yi Yao Za Zhi) 2012; 1(1): 76–77 (in Chinese)

[9] Pei SJ. Discussion on the research of Chinese ethnomedicines and the development of new drugs (Part 1). J Yunnan Coll Tradit Chin Med (Yunnan Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao) 2007; 30(3): 1–4 (in Chinese)

[10] Wu ZY, Raven PH. Flora of China. 13th ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2007

[11] Editorial Committee of FRPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. 50th ed. Beijing: Science Press, 1978 (in Chinese)

[12] Zhu YZ, Wei QH. The Annals of National Medicines in Yunnan. 1st ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2008 (in Chinese)

[13] Dai BH. Wild Plant Resource. 2nd ed. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2003 (in Chinese)

[14] Tan XH, Yao ZS. Pharmaceutical Botany. 1st ed. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 2009 (in Chinese)

[15] Wang WQ. Chinese Medicine Resources. 1st ed. Beijing: China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2012 (in Chinese)

[16] Wang YM, Lei GL. Wildlife Identification and Investigation. 1st ed. Kunming: The Nationalities Publishing House of Yunnan, 2007 (in Chinese)

[17] Chen HL, Lu XD. Chinese Medicine Resources. 1st ed. Shenyang: Liaoning University Press, 1998 (in Chinese)

[18] Zhao ST, Guo L, Cai L. Application of 3S technologies in medicinal plants resources investigation. J Minzu University China (Zhong Yang Min Zu Da Xue Xue Bao) 2009; 18(4): 18–25 (in Chinese)

[19] Xia B, Chen ZM, Guo ZR. Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants. 1st ed. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2006 (in Chinese)

[20] Northwest Plateau Biology Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Annals of Tibetan Medicines. 1st ed. Xining: Qinghai People Publishing House, 1991 (in Chinese)

[21] Institute of Drug Research, Tibet Autonomous Region Tibetan Hospital. State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Editorial Committee of Chinese Materia Medica. Chinese Materia Medica: Tibetan Medicine Volume. 1st ed. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 2002 (in Chinese)

[22] State Pharmacopoeia Commission of China. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. 1st ed. Beijing: China Medico Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Publishing House, 2015 (in Chinese)

[23] Zhu YZ, Zhao Y, Wei QH. The Annals of National Medicines in Yunnan. 4th ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2012 (in Chinese)

[24] Xie ZW, Yu YC. Name of Chinese Herbal Medicine in China. 1st ed. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 1996 (in Chinese)

[25] Jiang B, Duan BZ. Bai Nationality Traditional Plant Medicine. 1st ed. Beijing: China Traditional China Medicine Publisher, 2014 (in Chinese)

[26] Zheng HC, Cai SQ. Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy. 4th ed. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2003 (in Chinese)

[27] Cui DF. Plant Taxonomy. 3rd ed. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2010 (in Chinese)

[28] Zheng LY. Principles and Methods of Animal Classification. 1st ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1987 (in Chinese)

[29] Gao TA, Ma JA, Liu RL. Illustrations and Application of Authenticity of Mineral Medicine. 1st ed. Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 2014 (in Chinese)

[30] Lin RC. Mineral Drug Testing Technology and Quality Control. 1st ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2013 (in Chinese)

[31] Li SR. Crystallography and Mineralogy. 1st ed. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2008 (in Chinese)

[32] Zhang BL, Fan XH, Liu Y, Zhai HB, Zhang JH, Cheng YY. Secondary development strategy and core technology system of Chinese patent medicine. China J Chin Mater Med (Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi) 2013; 38(22): 3797–3800 (in Chinese)

[33] Shang HC, Liu Y, Zhang JH, Wang H, Xu HJ, Zhang BL, Li YP. Key points for clinical orientation in the secondary development of famous and superior Chinese patent drugs. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med (Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi) 2008; 28(10):939–940 (in Chinese)

[34] Liu Y, Li Q, Wang XF. Analysis of complexity of Chinese medicine industrial chain. China J Chin Mater Med (Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi) 2014; 39(16): 3187–3190 (in Chinese)

[35] Li Y, Zhong SH. Discussion on ethnic crude drug production from industry chain of ethnomedicines. J Chengdu Med (Chengdu Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao) 2011; 6(1): 87–89 (in Chinese)

[36] Yang CR. The world of Yunnan Medicine and the Yunnan Medicine of world. J Yunnan Coll Tradit Chin Med (Yunnan Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao) 2005; 28(4): 1–4 (in Chinese)

[37] Ran MX. Research and evaluation of Guizhou Miao ethnomedicines and modernization of Chinese medicine. J Chin Med Materls (Zhong Yao Cai) 2010; 33(2): 163–167 (in Chinese)

[38] Hu XF, Wu XM. Present Situation and recommendation of development of China’s pharmaceutical distribution industry. Herald Med (Yi Yao Dao Bao) 2015; 34(1): 126–130 (in Chinese)

[39] Pan YJ, Yang J, He L, Chen F, Li SJ, Yan XQ, Zhang J, Qiu PY, Lu GZ, Yan FL. Analysis for Patent Protection of Chinese ethnomedicines. Chin J Exp Med Formul (Zhongguo Shi Yan Fang Ji Xue Za Zhi) 2011; 17(22): 261–264 (in Chinese)

[40] Shen N, Li X, Zhou T, Bilal MU, Du N, Hu Y, Qin W, Xie Y, Wang H, Wu J, Ju J, Fang Z, Wang L, Zhang Y. Shensong Yangxin Capsule prevents diabetic myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-b1/Smad signaling. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 157: 161–170

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg