A facile synthesis of high activity cube-like Pt/carbon composites for fuel cell application
Received date: 29 Apr 2017
Accepted date: 06 Jul 2017
Published date: 07 Sep 2017
Copyright
High activity catalyst with simple low-cost synthesis is essential for fuel cell commercialization. In this study, a facile procedure for the synthesis of cube-like Pt nanoparticle (PtCube) composites with high surface area carbon supports is developed by mixing precursor of Pt with carbon supports in organic batches, hence, one pot synthesis. The PtCube grow with Vulcan XC-72 or Ketjen black, respectively, and then treated for 5.5 h at 185ºC (i.e., PtCube5.5/V and PtCube5.5/K). The resulting particle sizes and shapes are similar; however, PtCube5.5/K has a larger electrochemical active surface area (EASA) and a remarkably better formic acid (FA) oxidation performance. Optimization of the PtCube/K composites leads to PtCube10/K that has been treated for 10 h at 185ºC. With a larger EASA, PtCube10/K is also more active in FA oxidation than the other PtCube/K composites. Impedance spectroscopy analysis of the temperature treated and as-prepared (i.e., untreated) PtCube/K composites indicates that PtCube10/K is less resistive, and has the highest limiting capacitance among the PtCube/K electrodes. Consistently, the voltammetric EASA is the largest for PtCube10/K. Furthermore, PtCube10/K is compared with two commercial Pt/C catalysts, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo (TKK), and Johnson Matthey (JM)Pt/C catalysts. The TKK Pt/C has a higher EASA than PtCube10/K, as expected from their relative particles sizes (3–4 nm vs. 6–7 nm for PtCube10/K), however, PtCube10/K has a significantly better FA oxidation activity.
Key words: synthesis; cube-like Pt; Pt/C composite; catalyst; impedance
Reza B. MOGHADDAM , Samaneh SHAHGALDI , Xianguo LI . A facile synthesis of high activity cube-like Pt/carbon composites for fuel cell application[J]. Frontiers in Energy, 2017 , 11(3) : 245 -253 . DOI: 10.1007/s11708-017-0492-4
1 |
LaMer V K, Dinegar R H. Theory, Production and mechanism of formation of monodispersed hydrosols. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1950, 72(11): 4847–4854
|
2 |
Pajonk G M, Rao A V, Pinto N, Ehrburger-Dolle F , Gil M B . Monolithic carbon aerogels for fuel cell electrodes. In: Delmon P A J R M J A M P G B, Poncelet G. eds. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. Elsevier, 1998: 167–174
|
3 |
Wang C, Hou Y, Kim J , Sun S. A general strategy for synthesizing fept nanowires and nanorods. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2007, 46(33): 6333–6335
|
4 |
Wang C, Daimon H, Onodera T , Koda T, Sun S. A general approach to the size- and shape-controlled synthesis of platinum nanoparticles and their catalytic reduction of oxygen. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2008, 47(19): 3588–3591
|
5 |
Antolini E. Composite materials: an emerging class of fuel cell catalyst supports. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 100(3–4): 413–426
|
6 |
Lee Y W, Han S B, Kim D Y, Park K W. Monodispersed platinum nanocubes for enhanced electrocatalytic properties in alcohol electrooxidation. Chemical Communications, 2011, 47(22): 6296–6298
|
7 |
Du L, Shao Y, Sun J , Yin G, Liu J, Wang Y . Advanced catalyst supports for PEM fuel cell cathodes. Nano Energy, 2016, 29: 314–322
|
8 |
Fu K, Wang Y, Mao L , Jin J, Yang S, Li G . Facile one-pot synthesis of graphene-porous carbon nanofibers hybrid support for Pt nanoparticles with high activity towards oxygen reduction. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 215: 427–434
|
9 |
Li Q, Sun S. Recent advances in the organic solution phase synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their electrocatalysis for energy conversion reactions. Nano Energy, 2016, 29: 178–197
|
10 |
Zhang J. Recent advances in cathode electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells. Frontiers in Energy, 2011, 5(2): 137–148
|
11 |
Job N, Pereira M F R, Lambert S, Cabiac A , Delahay G , Colomer J F , Marien J , Figueiredo J L , Pirard J P . Highly dispersed platinum catalysts prepared by impregnation of texture-tailored carbon xerogels. Journal of Catalysis, 2006, 240(2): 160–171
|
12 |
Antolini E. Carbon supports for low-temperature fuel cell catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 88(1–2): 1–24
|
13 |
Antolini E. Structural parameters of supported fuel cell catalysts: the effect of particle size, inter-particle distance and metal loading on catalytic activity and fuel cell performance. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2016, 181: 298–313
|
14 |
Antolini E. Nitrogen-doped carbons by sustainable N- and C-containing natural resources as nonprecious catalysts and catalyst supports for low temperature fuel cells. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 58: 34–51
|
15 |
Cherstiouk O V , Simonov A N , Moseva N S , Cherepanova S V , Simonov P A , Zaikovskii V I , Savinova E R . Microstructure effects on the electrochemical corrosion of carbon materials and carbon-supported Pt catalysts. Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55(28): 8453–8460
|
16 |
Li D, Wang C, Tripkovic D , Sun S, Markovic N M, Stamenkovic V R. Surfactant removal for colloidal nanoparticles from solution synthesis: the effect on catalytic performance. ACS Catalysis, 2012, 2(7): 1358–1362
|
17 |
Wang X M, Wang M E, Zhou D D, Xia Y Y. Structural design and facile synthesis of a highly efficient catalyst for formic acid electrooxidation. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2011, 13(30): 13594–13597
|
18 |
Antolini E, Gonzalez E R. Polymer supports for low-temperature fuel cell catalysts. Applied Catalysis A, General, 2009, 365(1): 1–19
|
19 |
Moghaddam R B , Ali O Y , Javashi M , Warburton P L , Pickup P G . The effects of conducting polymers on formic acid oxidation at Pt nanoparticles. Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 162: 230–236
|
20 |
Ochal P, Gomez de la Fuente J L, Tsypkin M, Seland F , Sunde S , Muthuswamy N , Rønning M , Chen D, Garcia S, Alayoglu S , Eichhorn B . CO stripping as an electrochemical tool for characterization of Ru@Pt core-shell catalysts. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2011, 655(2): 140–146
|
21 |
Guo K, Wang Y, Chen H , Ji J, Zhang S, Kong J , Liu B.An aptamer–SWNT biosensor for sensitive detection of protein via mediated signal transduction. Electrochemistry Communications, 2011, 13(7): 707–710
|
22 |
Alipour Moghadam Esfahani R , Vankova S K , Monteverde Videla A H A , Specchia S . Innovative carbon-free low content Pt catalyst supported on Mo-doped titanium suboxide (Ti3O5-Mo) for stable and durable oxygen reduction reaction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017, 201: 419–429
|
23 |
Su N, Hu X, Zhang J , Huang H , Cheng J , Yu J, Ge C. Plasma-induced synthesis of Pt nanoparticles supported on TiO2 nanotubes for enhanced methanol electro-oxidation. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 399: 403–410
|
24 |
Yuan Q, Duan D, Ma Y , Wei G, Zhang Z, Hao X , Liu S. Performance of nano-nickel core wrapped with Pt crystalline thin film for methanol electro-oxidation. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 245: 886–891
|
25 |
Wang Y J, Fang B, Li H , Bi X T , Wang H. Progress in modified carbon support materials for Pt and Pt-alloy cathode catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Progress in Materials Science, 2016, 82: 445–498
|
26 |
Shahgaldi S, Hamelin J. Improved carbon nanostructures as a novel catalyst support in the cathode side of PEMFC: a critical review. Carbon, 2015, 94: 705–728
|
27 |
Prabakar S J R , Kim Y, Jeong J, Jeong S , Lah M S , Pyo M. Graphite oxide as an efficient and robust support for Pt nanoparticles in electrocatalytic methanol oxidation. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 188: 472–479
|
28 |
Luo M, Hong Y, Yao W , Huang C , Xu Q, Wu Q. Facile removal of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) adsorbates from Pt alloy nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2015, 3(6): 2770–2775
|
29 |
Niu Z, Li Y. Removal and utilization of capping agents in nanocatalysis. Chemistry of Materials, 2014, 26(1): 72–83
|
30 |
Biegler T, Rand D A J, Woods R. Limiting oxygen coverage on platinized platinum; relevance to determination of real platinum area by hydrogen adsorptionOriginal. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1971, 29(2): 269–277
|
31 |
Trasatti S, Petrii O A. Real surface area measurements in electrochemistry. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1992, 327(1-2): 353–376
|
32 |
Reid O R, Saleh F S, Easton E B. Determining electrochemically active surface area in PEM fuel cell electrodes with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and its application to catalyst durability. Electrochimica Acta, 2013, 114: 278–284
|
33 |
Wang W, Guo S, Lee I , Ahmed K , Zhong J , Favors Z , Zaera F , Ozkan M , Ozkan C S . Hydrous ruthenium oxide nanoparticles anchored to graphene and carbon nanotube hybrid foam for supercapacitors. Scientific Reports, 2014, 4(1): 4452
|
34 |
Moghaddam R B , Pickup P G . An electrochemical impedance study of thin polycarbazole films. Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 130: 577–582
|
35 |
Wang Y J, Zhao N, Fang B , Li H, Bi X T, Wang H. Effect of different solvent ratio (ethylene glycol/water) on the preparation of Pt/C catalyst and its activity toward oxygen reduction reaction. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(70): 56570–56577
|
36 |
Rice C A, Bauskar A, Pickup P G . Recent advances in electrocatalysis of formic acid oxidation. In: M. Shao (Ed.) Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells: A Non- and Low- Platinum Approach. London: Springer, 2013: 69–87
|
37 |
Rice C, Ha S, Masel R I , Waszczuk P , Wieckowski A , Barnard T . Direct formic acid fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 2002, 111(1): 83–89
|
38 |
Yu X, Pickup P G. Recent advances in direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC). Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 182(1): 124–132
|
39 |
Brummer S B, Makrides A C. Adsorption and oxidation of formic acid on smooth platinum electrodes in perchloric acid solutions. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1964, 68(6): 1448–1459
|
/
〈 | 〉 |