THD reduction with reactive power compensation for fuzzy logic DVR based solar PV grid connected system

Abstract

Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is used to protect sensitive loads from voltage disturbances of the distribution generation (DG) system. In this paper, a new control approach for the 200 kW solar photovoltaic grid connected system with perturb and observe maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is implemented. Power quality improvement with comparison is conducted during fault with proportional integral (PI) and artificial intelligence-based fuzzy logic controlled DVR. MPPT tracks the actual variable DC link voltage while deriving the maximum power from a photovoltaic array and maintains DC link voltage constant by changing modulation index of the converter. Simulation results during fault show that the fuzzy logic based DVR scheme demonstrates simultaneous exchange of active and reactive power with less total harmonic distortion (THD) present in voltage source converter (VSC) current and grid current with fast tracking of optimum operating point at unity power factor. Standards (IEEE-519/1547), stipulates that the current with THD greater than 5% cannot be injected into the grid by any distributed generation source. Simulation results and validations of MPPT technique and operation of fuzzy logic controlled DVR demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.

Key words： fuzzy logic; maximum power point tracking (MPPT); proportional integral (PI); control; voltage restorer

References

1 Villalva M G, de Siqueira T G, Ruppert E. Voltage regulation of photovoltaic arrays: small-signal analysis and control design. IET Power Electronics, 2010, 3(6): 869−880

2 Villalva M G, Ruppert E. Dynamic analysis of the input-controlled buck converter fed by a photovoltaic array. Brazilian Journal of Control and Automation, 2008, 19(4): 463−474

3 Ropp M E, Gonzalez S. Development of a MATLAB/Simulink model of a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2009, 24(1): 195−202

4 Walker G R, Sernia P C. Cascaded dc-dc converter connection of photovoltaic modules. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2004, 19(4): 1130−1139

5 Kim T Y, Ahn H G, Park S K, Lee Y K. A novel maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic power system under rapidly changing solar radiation. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. Pusan, Korea, 2001, 1011−1014

6 Srisailam C, Sreenivas A. Mitigation of voltage sags/swells by dynamic voltage restorer using PI and fuzzy logic controller. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2002, 2(4): 1733−1737

7 Hingorani N G. Introducing custom power. IEEE Spectrum, 1995, 32(6): 41−48

8 Dash A R, Babu B C, Mohanty K B, Dubey R. Analysis of PI and PR controllers for distributed power generation system under unbalanced grid faults. In: Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Power and Energy Systems. Chennai, India, 2011, 1−6

9 Niemi R, Lund P D. Alternative ways for voltage control in smart grids with distributed electricity generation. International Journal of Energy Research, 2011, 36(10): 1032−1043

10 Wandhare R G, Agarwa V. A novel technique for THD control in grid connected photovoltaic systems using step variable inductor approach. In: Proceedings of 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. Honolulu, USA, 2010, 844−848

11 Varma R K, Khadkikar V, Seethapathy R. Nighttime application of PV solar farm as STATCOM to regulate grid voltage. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2009, 24(4): 983−985

12 Ezoji H, Sheikholeslami A, Rezanezhad M, Livani H. A new control method for dynamic voltage restorer with asymmetrical inverter legs based on fuzzy logic controller. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 2010, 18(6): 806−819

13 Nagarajan C, Madheswaran M. Performance analysis of LCL-T resonant converter with fuzzy/PID controller using state space analysis. Electrical Engineering, 2011, 93(3): 167−178

14 Raj V, Sudhakaran M, Kumar S S, Roy S R, Palanivelu T G. Multi level inverter based dynamic voltage restorer with PI and fuzzy logic controller. In: 32nd National Systems Conference. IIT Roorkee, India, 2008, 65−70.

15 The Mathworks. MATLAB/SIMULINK, Inc. 7.10.0.499 (R2010a). 2016-06

16 Lee S W, Kim J H, Lee S R, Lee B K, Won C Y. A transformer-less grid-connected photovoltaic system with active and reactive power control. In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference. Wuhan, China, 2009, 2178−2181

17 Gupta A, Chanana S, Thakur T. Power quality improvement of solar pv transformer-less grid connected system with maximum power point tracking control. International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2013, 33(4): 921−936

18 Molina M G, Juanicó L E, Rinalde G F, Taglialavore E, Gortari S. Design of improved controller for thermoelectric generator used in distributed generation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35(11): 5968−5973

19 Gomathy S, Saravanan S, Thangavel S. Design and implementation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for a standalone PV system. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2012, 3(3): 1−7

20 Esram T, Chapman P L. Comparison of PV array maximum power point tracking techniques. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2007, 22(2): 439−449

21 Mohan N, Undeland T M. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995

22 Ansari M F, Chatterji S, Iqbal A. A fuzzy logic control scheme for a solar photovoltaic system for a maximum power point tracker. International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2010, 29(4): 245−255

23 Coelho R F, Concer F M, Martins D C. A MPPT approach based on temperature measurements applied in PV systems. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE/IAS International Conference on Industry Applications. Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2010, 1−6

24 Molina M G, Juanico L E. Dynamic modeling and control design of advanced PV solar system for distributed generation applications. Journal of Electrical Engineering: Theory and Applications, 2010, 1(3): 141−150

25 Moin H. Investigation to improve the control and operation of a three-phase PV grid tie inverter. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Dublin Institute of Technology, 2011

26 Kumar S V R, Nagaraju S S. Simulation of D-STATCOM and DVR in power systems. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2007, 2(3): 7−13

27 Azim M R, Hoque M A. A fuzzy logic based dynamic voltage restorer for voltage sag and swell mitigation for industrial induction motor loads. International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2011, 30(8): 9−18

28 Ferdi B, Benachaiba C, Berbaoui B, Dehini R. STATCOM DC-link fuzzy controller for power factor correction. Journal of Acta Electrotechnica, 2011, 52(4): 173−178

29 Altas I H, Sharaf A M. A fuzzy logic power tracking controller for a photovoltaic energy conversion scheme. Electric Power Systems Research, 1992, 25(3): 227−238

30 Tsang K M, Chan W L. Three-level grid-connected photovoltaic inverter with maximum power point tracking. Energy Conversion and Management, 2013, 65: 221−227

31 Mahdi A J, Tang W H, Wu Q H. Improvement of a MPPT algorithm for PV systems and its experimental validation. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ). Granada, Spain, 2010, 1−6

32 Menniti D, Pinnarelli A. A novel compensation approach for DC current component in a grid-connected photovoltaic generation system. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy Society General Meeting. San Diego, USA, 2012