Screen Exposure and Behavior Problems among Preschoolers: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Conflicting results have existed in research on the relationship between screen exposure and behavior problems among preschoolers, so it is necessary to clarify the relationship and provide guidelines regulating their screen usage. Through searching and screening of literature, 48 independent samples from 43 quantitative studies are included in the meta-analysis, with 76,049 participants. The results show a weak positive correlation between screen exposure and behavior problems among preschoolers (r = 0.169). The findings show that preschoolers’ age and length of exposure have a significantly moderate effect on the relationship between screen exposure and behavior problems among preschoolers, while media types and study design do not. Additionally, a stronger correlation is observed between excessive screen exposure and behavior problems among preschoolers aged 0–3. Recommendations for the appropriate use of digital media among preschoolers and media education are also presented.

Keywords

screen exposure, media usage / preschoolers / behavior problems / meta-analysis

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