A review of experimental approaches, trends and opportunities in plasma-based gas conversion research

Abstract

Plasma-based gas conversion has emerged as a sustainable and promising approach for chemical production, attracting increasing attention in recent years. Significant progress has been achieved in areas such as nitrogen fixation, CO ₂ conversion, methane activation, and others, driven by the contributions of researchers from diverse disciplines. Given that most research in this field is experimental, the methodologies employed play a pivotal role and demand careful consideration. However, due to the interdisciplinary nature of the field and variations in research objectives, available resources, and laboratory standards, experimental set-ups and approaches often differ significantly. Moreover, critical details regarding operational techniques and key methodologies are sometimes overlooked. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the methodologies and experimental approaches used in the study of plasma-based gas conversion for chemical production. It first examines experimental systems, including plasma reactor design, plasma-catalyst integration, and set-up configuration. Subsequently, operational schemes, conditions, and analytical procedures are discussed, with examples showcasing state-of-the-art advancements. Finally, discussion on emerging research trends and potential opportunities are presented, aiming to inspire further advancements and broaden the scope of this growing field.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

plasma catalysis / plasma reactor / CO ₂ utilization / nitrogen fixation / methane conversion

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