Events and reaction mechanisms during the synthesis of an Al₂O₃-TiB₂ nanocomposite via high energy ball milling

Abstract

An Al₂O₃-TiB₂ nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by the high energy ball milling of Al, B₂O₃ and TiO₂. The structures of the powdered particles formed at different milling times were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermodynamic calculations showed that the composite formed in two steps via highly exothermic mechanically induced self-sustaining reactions (MSRs). The composite started to form at milling times of 9–10 h but the reaction was not complete. The remaining starting materials were consumed by increasing the milling time to 15 h. The XRD patterns of the annealed powders showed that aluminum borate is one of the intermediate products and that it is consumed at higher temperatures. Heat treatment of the 6-h milled sample at 1100^°C led to a complete formation of the composite. Increasing the milling time to 15 h led to a refining of the crystallite sizes. A nanocomposite powder with a mean crystallite size of 35–40 nm was obtained after milling for 15 h.

Keywords

ball milling / nanocomposite / Al₂O₃ / TiB₂

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the research affairs of Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch for supporting this research.

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2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg