Effects of ionic impurities on crystallization of cobalamin

Abstract

In this paper, the influence of two typical ionic impurities (Na⁺ and Mg²⁺) is investigated with the focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) technique. In this system, the on-line FBRM is used as a tool for monitoring the crystallization process of cobalamin by measuring the chord length distribution of particles and the particle counts. It is noted that impurity Mg²⁺ has a more significant effect than Na²⁺ in crystal growth of the whole crystallization process. From the microscopic observation of crystals, Mg²⁺ has an obvious effect on the crystal habit, while Na²⁺ has little effect. In addition, the crystal habit changes can be monitored by particle vision measurement (PVM). Understanding these effects is helpful to aid optimization and improve process control.