The bcr/abl fusion gene in 20 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was detected by RNA polymerase chain reaction, which used mRNA as the starting material to generate cDNA with reverse transcriptase followed by PCR amplification (RNA/PCR). Amplification of a sequence spanning the bcr/abl junction region was achieved by using peripheral blood cells as the sourse of mRNA from all 20 patients with CML, including 3 cases of Ph(-) CML, and cell line K562 was derived from patients with CML. No amplification was seen when mononuclear cells from 3 normal individuals, 2 patients with lymphoma and cell line HL-60 were used. The presence or absence of bcr exon 3 in the fusion mRNA was determined by the size of the amplified fragments. Of the 20 CML patients, 15 showed only the 165-bp amplified band (indicating retention of bcr exon 3), done showed only the 90-bp amplified band, and A showed both 165-bp and 90-bp bands. Both bands Were seen more frequently in blast crisis than in remission and chronic phase.

The activity of interleukine 2 (IL-2) in culture supernatants of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) as well as cytotoxicity of LAK cells on cultured leukemic cells were determined by MTT colorimetry. The results showed that higher activity of IL-2 in culture supernatant of LAK and TIL cells was found it could be used to support the culture of IL-2 dependent cell lines. The significant cytotoxicity of LAK cells on leukemic cell lines could be found in vitro, and it was consistent with the ratio of effector cells to target cells. The number of living leukemic cells is consistently related with the concentration of formazan metabolite of MTT. It suggested that the numbers of living cells and cytotoxicity of LAK cells could be estimated by determination of formazan metabolite OD value.

Human embryos after 3–4.5 months of gestation were obtained with abortion. The brain tissue of the bodies was scissored up to obtain 1–3 mm³ pieces, and 7% dymethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), as a cryoprotectant, was added, and then stored at −70°C for 1–30 days or at −196°C for 1–84 days. The survival rate of stored cells was 64%–88%. During 6 days of storage with neuron culture medium, the survival rate of cells at 4°C is over 50% each day, but, as time goes on, the count of the cells is getting less and less. The cells washed out DMSO after cryopreservation and the planting fresh cells can adhere to the wall of the culture bottle, grow, display various forms of neurons and gliacytes. From the above findings, it was suggested that: 1) The fetal human brain tissue, handled properly, can endure cryopreservation with7% DMSO as a cryoprotective agent; 2) The storage time was related insignificantly to the survival rate of the tissues stored; 3)It is available for a short proservation at 4°C and 4) It is possible to set up a bank of fetal human brain tissue.

Nyquist velocity and transorifice pressure gradient dramatically influence color aliasing shape and accuracy of simple hemispherical flow convergence equation for calculation of flow rate. The present in vitro study was performed to determine whether the value of Nyquist velocity, at which the shape of proximal isovelocity surface is best fit for a given shape assumption in different orifice size, and the flow rate may be a determinable and orifice size independent function of clinically measurable peak velocity or transorifice pressure gradient. Steady flow was driven through circular discrete orifices with diameter of 3. 8 mm, 5.5 mm and 10 mm and flow rate ranging from 2.88 L/min to 8.2 8 L/min. For every flow rate, Doppler color encoded M-mode images through the center of flow convergence region were transferred into the microcomputer in their original digital format. The continuous wave Doppler traces of maximal velocity through the orifice were performed for the calculation of pressure gradient. Direct numerical spatial velocity measure using color pixel intensity was obtained from the transferred color encoded M-mode images with computer software. The shape of isovelocity surface was determined by the ratio of calculated flow rate with hemispherical flow convergence equation to the actual flow rate. Both the flow rate and orifice size influence the position of the velocity profile curve. The shape of isovelocity surface is not constant and changes with the velocities used for the calculation of flow rates for a given flow rate and orifice size or pressure gradient and also changes with the flow rate or transorifice pressure gradients for a constant Nyquist velocity and orifice size. It was found that for a given ratio of calculated flow rate to actual flow rate (0. 7 and 1) the velocities used for the calculation of flow rate with hemispherical flow convergence equation were correlated well with the pressure gradient for a given orifice size and the differences in velocities among different orifice sizes adjusted for the covariance pressure gradients were not statistically significant (P = 0.794 for ratio = 0.7 andP = 0.81 for ratio = l). Our present study provides an orifice size independent quantitative method with which to select the most suitable Nyquist velocity for applying simple hemispherical flow convergence equation according to clinically measurable pressure gradients ranging from 5.32 kPa to 26.60 kPa, and offers a correcting factor for the hemispherical flow convergence equation when pressure gradient is less than 5.32 kPa.

It has been discovered in portal system hemodynamics research using CDFI and pressure measurement, that among 40 portal hypertension patients the demonstrating rate, of left gastric vein (LGV) was 77.5%, and all were hepatofugal. The demonstrating rates of spontaneous splenorenal vein shunt collaterals and of patency umbilical vein (UV) with blood signal were 85%, 12.5% respectively, and the thrombosis rate of portal system was 10%. Blood flow direction of main portal vein (MPV) in all patients was hepatopetal, and one case of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and another one of splenic vein (SV) were hepatofugal. The patients with MPV thrombosis or portal system hepatofugal should be operated on by shunt. Shunt capacity of portal vein in gastrosplenic region was 34.07% on average. This demonstrated that devascularization was applicable. Internal diameter, blood capacity and time average velocity (TAV) of the left portal vein (LPV) and right portal vein (RPV) with portal hypertension were almost equal, their difference being not significant (P>0.2). This should be a basis for the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Free portal pressure (FPP) and internal diameter, blood capacity and TAV of MPV, SV, SMV, LGV were not correlative with each other.

This paper reports on two prospective studies of ultrasound examination of the hip in 150 healthy subjects and 50 patients with hip joint diseases. The sagittal distance of the anterior recess of the hip was measured on the sonogram of the sagittal section. The normal value in adults, teenagers and children was 4.54 mm ±0.99 mm, 4.27 mm ±1.26 mm and 3.40 mm ±0.93 mm, respectively. Ultrasound examination of both hips in 50 patients with hip joint diseases showed that the sagittal distance of the anterior recess was significantly widened in the symptomatic side, and the mean value in the symptomatic side and normal side was 12.02 mm ±3.68 mm, and 4.12 mm ±l.15 mm, respectively. Ultrasound showed echo-free area in anterior recess in 42 hips, hypoecho and medium echo area in 8 hips. Of 50 patients undergoing plain radiography, 33 showed bony changes of the hip, and the remaining 17 no change whatever. The results obtained demonstrated that ultrasound can accurately detect effusion of the hip, what is more, it is easy to operate, inexpensive, noninvasive, convenient for follow-up and without radiation damage.

This article reports 10 cases of intramuscular hemangiomas diagnosed by ultrasound. The results obtained demonstrated that the intramuscular hemangiomas were revealed sonographically as a spindle-shaped or ellipse-shaped mass with a mixed echo structure in the skeletal muscle, and usually with small calcifications. The solid parts of the tumor most commonly have a medium echogenicity, but few hyperechogenicity. The cavity or sinus containing blood has a hypoecho or echo-free structure.

In the present study right heart catheterization and impedance rheopneumogram examinations were performed simultaneously on 21 patients suffering from congenital cardiovascular diseases with atrial or ventricular septal defect accompanied by the left to right shunt (CCD) and 17 patients suffering from rheumatic valvular disease with mitral stenosis (MS) in order to investigate the differences in the impedance rheopneumogram parameters between CCD patients and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as between MS and COPD patients. The results showed that when patients with different diseases had the same level of pulmonary arterial pressure, CCD patients had significantly higher Hs than COPD patients, while MS patients had significantly higher Hd/Hs ratio than COPD patients and CCD patients. The linear regressional equation between Hd/Hs ratio and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was as follows: PCWP(kPa) = 0.17+0.98 × Hd/Hs (n = 155,Y = 0.422,P< 0.001). These results suggest that, (1) impedance rheopneumographic regressional equations with Hs as one of the major variables suitable for predicting secondary pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients are not suitable for use on CCD patients, (2) Hd/Hs ratio is useful in clinical work as an index for differential diagnosis between MS and Cor Pulmonale, and (3) PCWP can be roughly and noninvasively measured based on the measurement of impedance rheopneumogram parameter Hd/Hs.

In order to evaluate the value of impedance rheopneumogram (IRP) in predicting pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) noninvasively and quantitatively, 150 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were examined by IRP and right heart catheterization simultaneously. It was found that some parameters derived from IRP correlated well with PAP, the strongest correlation being demonstrated by Q-B/B-Y ratio (γ = 0.74,P<0.001) and Hs (γ = −0.56,P<0.001). We made a multi-stepwise regressional analysis and, obtained an equation to predict PAP from IRP parameters: PAP (kPa) = [−2.26−5.05xlnHs+27.02 × (Q-B/B-Y)] × 0.133 (γ = 0.78,P<0.001) Other 30 COPD patients were selected to assess the effectiveness of the equation, We found that the sensitivity and specificity of the equation in identifying PAH were 83% and 93% respectively.

Impedance pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) measuring instrument with a microcomputer was designed and manufactured. It performs the functions of graphic analysis, logic judgment and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) measurement. Impedance information obtained by impedance PAP measuring instrument with a microcomputer was consistent with that by type HB-3COG apparatus. This new instrument has many advantages, such as reliability, saving of time and efforts as well as simplicity in operation.

The index of exercises-induced amplitude changes in a combination of Q, R and S waves, named Athens score, was tested in 213 patients, who underwent coronary angiography within 3 days of a maximal exercise test. Of the 155 cases with conclusive exercise test results, according to the coronary angiography document, 23 (14.8 %) were diagnosed as having no significant coronary artery disease (CAD); 27(17.4 %) as 1-vessel disease, 28(18.1 %) as 2-vessel disease and 77(49.7 %) as 3-vessel disease. The Athens score for them was 4.87±2.89, 0.02±3. 35, −1.70±3.68, −1.75±3.98 respectively,F = 19.65,P<0.01. An Athens score of 2 mm predicted CAD with sensitivity of 84.9 % and specificity of 78.3 % both being higher than those of ST segment depression (75.0% and 60.9 %. It was concluded that the Athens score was a promising index for improving the efficiency of exercise test to predict CAD.

In order to investigate the feasibility of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in preventing the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis after coronary angioplasty and to study their mechanisms, we measured the platelet cytosilic free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) and observed the effects of captopsil on platelet [Ca²⁺]i in rabbits and also observed the inhibitive action on fibroblast proliferation in culture. The results showed that resting platelet [Ca²⁺]i, ADPor thrombin-stimulated platelet elevation amplitude after administration of captopril (12.5 mg, twice daily) for 15 days were significantly reduced in comparison with those before administration. And captopril also significantly inhibited fibroblast proliferation or reduced³H-thymidine (³H-TdR) incorporation in culture in a dose-depdendent manner. These findings suggest that ACEIs are promising drugs to reduce restenosis incidence after coronary angioplasty and to prevent atherosclerosis as well as provide a new explanation for their effects of suppressing cell proliferation.

Transcatheter inferior phrenic arterial (IPA) and hepatic arteriography was performed on 38 patients with advanced primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) with blood supplied by IPA and hepatic artery. 18 patients received single treatment with hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) or embolization (HAE) 20 received double treatment with IPA and hepatic arterial infusion or embolization. The results show that the double treatment is superior to the single one. The angiographic features and mechanism of parasitization of inferior phrenic arterial supply to PHC were also discussed.

An oxine modified electrode is prepared qn the basis of carbon paste. The process is rapid and simple. The catalytic stripping voltammetric characteristic of Cu (II) on the modified electrode was studied and the method has been applied to the determination of trace Cu (II), and there was good linear relationship between the concentration of Cu (II) and the peak height in the concentration range of 1.5 x 10⁻⁹−1.5 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L for Cu (II). We have detected the copper content of human hair and blood with satisfactory results. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of the modified electrode was discussed. It was found that the improvement of sensitivity and selection of the modified electrode was dependent of the complex adsorbing property of the electrode surface and the sensitive catalytic hydrogen wave produce.