A simple technique of heterotopic heart-lung transplantation in the rat has been established. The preparation of donor heart-lung and surgical procedures used on the recipient are those originally described by Lee, with minor modifications. The donor’s ascending aorta is anastomosed to the recipient’s abdominal aorta and all the other vessels are permanently ligated. Except the right inferior lobe of the lung which is left attached to the heart all the rest of the pulmonary lobes is removed. The direction of blood flow through the transplanted heart and lung is as follows: aorta, coronary arteries, coronary sinus, pulmonary lobe, left atrium and left ventricle and then to the aorta (with blood exiting from donor aorta to host aorta during contraction of the donor heart). In inbred Wistar rats, the one month survival rate was 90 %. The model is used for experimental selection of immunosuppressive drugs to prolong the survival time of allografts in the rat.

On the basis of our experience with 200 cases undergoing free toe transfer for reconstruction of the thumb and fingers, circulatory crisis during and after operation has been analysed in this paper with our classification according to the time of occurrence. In circulatory crisis during operation or within 24 h postoperatively early exploration is indicated. Crises occurring 24, especially 48 h after operation are mainly due to vascular spasm, therefore antispasmodic therapy should be instituted whereas surgical intervention is useless and even harmful.

Value of pain threshold of rats as index was determined by radiant heat-induced tail-flick to observe the effects of injection of TRH (10 μ/20 μ1) into cerebral ventricles (i.c.v.) on the analgesic effect induced by electro-acupuncture (1, 2 or 3 V) of bilateral “Zu San Li” and “San Yin Jiao”, and s.c. injection of morphine (2, 4, 6 mg/kg). The results of our study indicated that injection of TRH i.c.v. does not influence the radiant heat-induced tail-flick response of rats under normal condition, but antagonizes the analgesic effect caused by electro-acupuncture 2 and 3 V in strength and by s.c. infection of morphine (2, 4 mg/kg).

The effects of norethisterone oxime (NETO) on ovum transport and development, and on morphological changes of oviducts in rabbits were studied to evaluate the mechanism of its anti-implantation action.

NETO 2 mg/kg/day was given to mature rabbits from day 1 through day 3 or from day 2 through day 4 of pregnancy by gavage. The animals were anesthesized after various hours of administration, the oviducts were dissected out and divided into 6 equal segments. Ova in each segment and sometimes those in the uterus were collected by flushing the tube with saline. The ova were then observed microscopically for normality. Histological sections were made from different portions of the oviducts, stained with HE and PAS and examined microscopically. Recovery rate of ova was generally lower than that in control animals. Ovum transport was first accelerated and then retarded or even blocked. Ova which eventually entered the uterus might develop into blastocysts, but they were smaller in size. Mucin coat of ova markedly reduced in thickness. Mucin secretion from epithelial cells was less. Some degenerated ova appeared in the oviducts.

The oviducts were tortuous, hyperplasia existed in the epithelial cells. The mucosa exhibited edema, and the circular muscle layer thickened without increase in the number of muscle cells. This indicated a status of muscular contraction. Dilatation and congestion of capillaries appeared in the muscular layers and serosa. All these manifestations were so prominent that the lumen of ampullary isthmic junction and isthmus portion was significantly narrowed and the transportation of ova thus blocked.

The changes caused by NETO were very similar to those caused by exogenic estrogen. It is suggested that anti-implantation action of NETO in rabbit experiment is mainly related to its estrogenic activity.

A comparison between longitudinal cellular and humoral immune response to C. albicans antigen in immunized rabbits was performed. The results showed that the peak of lymphocyte transformation occurred on the 18th day post immunization. Low level of antibodies (IgG), as detected in the ELISA assay, was found by 28th day post immunization.

The relevance of cross-reactivity between the antigens from C. albicans and other five pathogenic Candida species was studied. Rabbits infected with C. albicans reacted in the leukocyte transformation test in varying degrees to C. albicans, as well as to the antigen extracts of other Candida species. The results obtained suggest that the six pathogenic species of Candida can be divided into three groups according to the results of in vitro test for cell mediated immune cross-reaction. The cell wall antigens from different Candida species revealed strong cross-reactions between species, while the cytoplasmic antigens appeared to be more specific.

Dynamic observations on systolic time intervals (STIs) have been undertaken in 24 children with ventricular septal defect (VSD), in 16 with atrial septal defect (ASD) and in 12 with tetralogy of Fallot (TF) before and after radical surgery by simultaneous recording of electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid pulse tracing. In comparison with the STIs in normal children, the left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI) was significantly shortened, the pre-ejection period index (PEPI) significantly prolonged, and the ratio index of PEP to LVET (PEPI/LVETI) and that of isovolumic contraction time (ICT) to LVET (ICTI/LVETI) were significantly increased in the three groups of congenital heart disease before surgery, indicating definite impairment of the left ventricular performance. The dynamic changes after surgery were: In VSD, the abnormal degree of STIs was even greater at the early postoperative period for about 2–3 weeks, and since then it became improved gradually and nearly normal at the 7th-10th months. In ASD, STIs promptly became entirely normal at the 2nd-3rd weeks after surgery. In TF, STIs became approximately normal at the 2nd-3rd weeks after surgery, and were entirely normal at the 3rd-4th months. The changes of STIs after surgery were chiefly related to the improvement of hemodynamics. The left ventricular performance became normal much more slowly in VSD than in ASD and TF, and the reason was probably that left ventricular hypertrophy was present with impairment of myocardial contractility in the former. The measurements of STIs can sensitively reflect the dynamic changes of the left ventricular performance in children with VSD, ASD and TF before and after radical surgery, and can be used to monitor the state of the left ventricular performance after surgery to provide useful information for the evaluation of the effects of surgery and for supervision of the physical activity of the children during convalescense.

In order to find effective urolithiasis inhibiting factors, calcium oxalate stones were investigated by spectrum analysis. Of the composite trace elements nine were selected to test their effect on the kinetics of calcium oxalate crystallization in artificial and in urinary stone patient’s urine, and in experimental animals respectively. It was found that Mo and Sr could effectively inhibit calcium oxalate crystallization and decrease the renal total and crystalline calcium. The inhibitive effect of the trace elements, the mechanism of action, the required conditions and the way of their affecting the kinetics of calcium oxalate crystallization are discussed. Their clinical significance and the possibility of practical application are referred to.

Extrakt von Dichroa febrifuga L. wurde in vivo und in vitro auf Antimalariawirkung untersucht. Es zeigte sich, da\ Dichroa febrifuga L. bei experimentellen Malariainfektionen (P. berghei, Sprague-Dawley-Ratten) eine mit Chloroquin vergleichbare Wirkung besitzt.

Dichroa febrifuga L. war auch gegen eine hoch chloroquinresistente P. berghei-Zell-Linie gut wirksam. Die Wirkung von Dichroa febrifuga L. war bei den chloroquinsensiblen und -resistenten Stammen gleich. Au\erdem wurde die obige Hemmwirkung des Extraktes von Dichroa febrifuga L. gegen P. falciparum in vitro nachgewiesen.

The serum lipid and lipoprotein levels of 366 healthy children at preschool age are presented. The serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations vary with age. As compared to boys, a tending higher HDL-C and a tending lower T-C/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C respectively were noted in girls. A higher HDL-C level has also been observed in Chinese children, as compared with North American children (P < 0.01).

The infrared spectroscope, polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope were used in the study of the composition and structure of urinary calculi. It was found that most calculi contained calcium oxalate, but none of them was pure. The nuclei of calcium oxalate-uric acid microcrystal type of calculi only consisted of pure uric acid without any matrix or other elements, indicating that the nuclei are probably formed first by precipitation, crystallization and aggregation of uric acid, and then deposition of calcium oxalate is induced. Foreign bodies in calcium oxalate calculi were mostly necrotic tissues with a large amount of apatites, which is most probably due to bacterial infection of the urinary tract.

Growth pattern in vitro and karyotype of cultured bone marrow cells were studied in 31 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Two different growth patterns were identified: cluster growth (pattern I), and no growth (pattern ll). Patients with growth pattern I had a significantly higher complete remission (CR) rate clinically than those with growth pattern I. A serial study of 23 patients during induction treatment showed three different patterns: (1) colony growth, (2) persistence of clusters, and (3) persistence of no growth. The prognosis of the patients with the first pattern was most favourable, 11 of 13 patients achieved CR on an average of 24 days after first detection of colony formation. The data from 152 cultures showed that the colony forming ability had a negative correlation with the percentage of marrow blasts. Karyotype analysis with G-banding technique was successfully performed in 26 patients, in 14 of whom abnormal clones were detected. There was no difference in CR rates between groups NN, A A and AN, although CR was more easily achieved in patients with t(8; 2l). No relationship was seen between growth pattern and karyotype.