In the present study 40 mature rabbits were used to cause de-arrangement of the articular surfaces by arthrotomy. The ultrastructural changes of the articular cartilage in the pathological model were studied under transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The striking changes observed were pycnosis of chondrocytes, calcification of cartilage matrix and rupture of the arched structure of collagen fibre. However, increase of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in some chondrocytes and rupture of arched structure of collagen fibre were not ever described in previous literature. Using the experimental model, we attempt to analyse the principle of degeneration of articular cartilage caused by articular mechanical changes, and consequently suggest the proper clinical treatment for osteoarthrosis and osteoarthritic injury.

Aneurysm of the extracranial carotid artery is rare. 13 cases have been seen at the Vascular Diseases Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai First Medical College, during the past 27 years. There were 3 internal carotid, 1 external carotid and 9 common carotid cases. The youngest patient was aged 5 years and the oldest 63; there were 8 males and 5 females. Two refused surgery, and the remaining 11 all had operations. Treatment consisted of aneurysm resection with ligation of the carotid artery in 5, primary anastomosis of the internal carotid artery in 2, silk prosthetic graft of the common carotid artery in 1, autogenous vein graft between the common and internal carotid arteries in 2 and wrapping in 1. There was 1 death and 1 instance of hemiplegia.

Prior to arterial reconstruction, the only possible treatment for aneurysm was ligation. The hazards of carotid artery ligation are evident from the fact that hemiplegia results in 50% of the patients.

In this series, a variety of methods were utilized to maintain cerebral function during the period of temporary carotid artery occlusion including hypothermic general anesthesia in 10 cases and raise the blood pressure during occlusion in 2 cases. In recent years, the authors have successfully resected the aneurysm and inserted an autogenous saphenous vein graft. With this technique the duration of cerebral ischemia is minimal.

An Ratten wurden experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Prophylaxe von abdominalen Verwachsungen und von Adhäsionsileus durchgeführt, und zwar in getrennten Versuchsreihen: (1) Untersuchungen zur Prophylaxe von abdominalen Verwachsungen mittels chinesischer Heilkräuter und moderner Medikamente; (2) Ileusprophylaxe durch Mesenterialraffung mittels Buty1-Cyanoacrylat. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß durch kombinierte Applikation von chinesischen Heilkräutern, einem Kortisonderivat, Antihistamin und Fibrinolytika die Ausbildung von Verwachsungen nach intraabdominalen Eingriffen signifikant gehemmt wird, und daß die Methode der Mesenterialraffung mit dem Gewebeklebstoff “Buty1-Cyanoacrylat” zur Prophylaxe und Therapie des rezidivierenden Dünndarmileus geeignet ist.

Als Beitrag zu der Frage der Korrelation zwischen peripherer arterieller Verschlußkrankheit (PAVK) und koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK) ist die Häufigkeit von KHK in einer Gruppe von Patienten mit angiographisch dokumentierter PAVK und in einer Gruppe von Probanden ohne PAVK untersucht worden. Die Häufigkeit von KHK bei der PAVK-Gruppe beträgt 40.8% (86/211) gegenüber 18% (38/211) in der Kontrollgruppe (P < 0.005). Der Verlauf der KHK ist bei Patienten mit PAVK deutlich schwerer und häufiger letal als bei Probanden ohne PAVK. In der PAVK-Gruppe starben 30 Patienten an KHK gegenüber 2 Probanden der Kontrollgruppe.

Das Resultat zeigt, daß enge Beziehungen bestehen zwischen systolischer Hypertonie und Hyperlipidämie als Risikofaktoren und KHK. Die Häufigkeit von KHK in der Gruppe mit systolischer Hypertonie ist 38,4% (43/112) gegenüber 22,2% (69/310) in der Gruppe mit normalem Blutdruck. Es besteht auch ein signifikanter Unterschied in der Häufigkeit von KHK zwischen Probanden mit und ohne Hyperlipidämie, 45,8% (22/48) gegenüber 28,1% (105/374).

Andererseits konnte zwischen Rauchern und Nicht-Rauchern sowie zwischen Diabetikern und Nicht-Diabetikern kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Inzidenz von KHK gefunden werden.

Seven days after seven insecticides had been administered separately to the rats by oral intubation, a study was made of the content of cytochrome P-450 and b₅, activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase, ethylmorphine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase in their hepatic microsomes, and pentobarbital sleeping time was measured. The results thus obtained showed that DDT, TCVP and mipcin increased the activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes, while chlordimeform and malathion decreased it. However, no effect of cartap and tsumacide on hepatic microsomal enzymes was observed.

We measured the blood pressure and the concentration of sodium and potassium in erythrocytes and plasma in 270 normal children and adolescents from 1 to 17 years of age and found that (1) in childhood and adolescence the blood pressure, the sodium and potassium concentration in erythrocytes and the sodium concentration in plasma tended to increase with age, whereas the plasma potassium concentration decreased with age; (2) there was no noticeable sex difference in the sodium and potassium concentration in erythrocytes or in plasma; (3) the mean values of sodium and potassium concentration in erythrocytes and those in plasma were 7.29 mEq/L and 90.30 mEq/L, and 131.95 mEq/L and 4.48 mEq/L respectively; and (4) there was a low grade correlation between the concentration of sodium and potassium in erythrocytes and plasma and the systolic and diastolic pressure.

Studies have been made on the effects of exposure to extremely hot environments on health, and control measures were carried out both in laboratory and in industrial environments. The results showed that the characteristics of the workplace in extremely hot environments, such as soaking pit crane operator cabin, first-aid repair for smelting furnace, were high temperature (above 40°C), and high radiant heat (5–15 cal/cm²/min). Workmen suffered from a very severe physiological strain, even heat stroke. The measures, such as heat resistant clothing, drink for heat resistance and air conditioning, which may efficiently reduce or even eliminate the physiological strain, and raise labor efficiency during over-exposure to extremely hot environments.

In diesem Artikel wird über die Analyse eines Krankengutes von 77 Fällen von epidemischem hämorrhagischem Fieber (EHF) mit klinisch deutlicher Blutungstendenz berichtet. Bei diesen Patienten sind 6 verschiedene Blutungsmechanismen beobachtet worden:

Aus dieser Analyse ist zu schließen, daß die Ursachen der Blutungen bei EHF sehr mannigfaltig und je nach der Verlaufsphase der Krankheit verschieden sind. Die Behandlung muß entsprechend den Laborbefunden unterschiedlich durchgeführt werden.

Using tricuspid valve echocardiogram, the right ventricular time intervals and relevant parameters of the normal persons were studied and compared with those of the patients with chronic cor pulmonale. Six parameters related to time intervals in a cardiac cycle for the early diagnosis of cor pulmonale were proposed, i.e., RIRT≥37 ms, RIRT/C-D≥0.076, RIRT/REML≥0.613, REML≤53 ms, RSTI≤420 ms and RMST≤356 ms. The use of these parameters for the early diagnosis of cor polmonale is more significant than conventional criteria. A combined use of these parameters with the conventional criteria may improve further the use of echocardiogram for the early diagnosis of cor pulmonale.

Es wird über den Raji-Zell-Test und den einfacheren PEG-Test zum Nachweis von CIC bei Leber- und Nierenerkrankungen und SLE berichtet. Großes Gewicht wurde auf die laufende Kontrolle von CIC bei APGN und deren klinische Bedeutung gelegt. Auf die Vor- und Nachteile des Raji-Zell-Tests wird kurz hingewiesen.