Significance of chromosomal studies in leukemia: Karyotype analysis of 28 cases of leukemia and 2 cases of myelofibrosis

Abstract

Chromosomal studies were carried out in 30 patients including 28 cases of leukemia and 2 cases of myelofibrosis. 25 of them were studied by trypsin-Giemsa banding technique and the other 5 by ordinary Giemsa stain. 19 of the 30 cases showed chromosomal abnormalities. All of the 9 cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) had Ph¹ chromosome and 8 of them were proved to have typical 9:22 translocation. 4 cases in the blastic stage of CML also had Ph¹ chromosome and in 3 of them additional chromosomal changes were found. Of these three, 2 had double Ph¹ and one had a new structural rearrangement which appeared to be t(3:6), (q²⁷, q^13-15). Of the 11 cases of acute leukemia 3 had chromosomal abnormalities. One of them was a Ph¹ positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and the other 2 had gaining or missing in groups C, D or E. Two of the 3 preleukemias had an additional chromosome in group G. One of the two cases of primary myelofibrosis had Ph1 chromosome and a new chromosomal change t (1:11) (p³⁴; q¹³) was found on entering blastic transformation. One case of lymphosarcoma cell leukemia showed no chromosomal abnormality. Karyotype analysis is described in detail of the two cases with new chromosomal abnormalities. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of chromosomal changes in various types of leukemia is discussed.

Keywords

chromosome / karyotype / trisomy / pseudoploidy / hypoploidy

References

[1.] Rowley JD: Chromosomes in leukemia and lymphoma. in “Freireich EJ Ed: Leukemia and lymphoma”, 1978

[2.] SontaS, et al. . Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia,X X IX further studies on karyotypic progression in CML. Cancer, 1978, 14153-153

[3.] WayneAW, et al. . The significance of Ph¹ mosaicism: a report of six cases of chronic granulocytic leukaemia and two cases of acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol, 1979, 43353-353

[4.] Philadelphia chromosome positive leukaemias. Lancet 1: 857, 1979

[5.] SmithKL, et al. . Classification of chronic myelocytic leukemia in children. Cancer, 1974, 34670-670

[6.] HaysT, et al. . Cytogenetic studies of chronic myelocytic leukemia in children and adolescents. Cancer, 1979, 44210-210

[7.] AbeS, et al. . Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia, X X XI unusual features of Ph¹-positive acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Cancer, 1979, 432352-2352

[8.] PhilipP, et al. . Chromosomal banding patterns in 88 cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res, 1978, 2201-201

[9.] First international workshop on chromosome in leukemia. chromosome in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Br J Haematol, 1978, 39311

[10.] TrujilloJM, et al. . Hematologic and cytologic characterization of 8/21 translocation in acute granulocytic leukemia. Blood, 1979, 53695-695

[11.] BergheHVD, et al. . Chromosome abnormalities in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Cancer, 1979, 43558-558

[12.] RothDG, et al. . B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a 14q⁺ chromosome abnormality. Blood, 1979, 53235-235

[13.] BeardMEJ, et al. . Blast crises of CML, I. presentation simulating ALL. Br J Haematol, 1976, 34167-167

[14.] PananiA, et al. . Chromosome aberrations and prognosis in preleukemia. Scand J Haematol, 1980, 2497-97

[15.] HowelleP, et al. . Chromosome studies in preleukemic states, IV. myeloproliferative versus cytopenic disorders. Cancer, 1978, 422254-2254

[16.] RowleyJD. Chromosome changes in acute leukaemia. Br J Haematol, 1980, 44339-339