Nanomedicine-assisted sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as one of the most promising cancer therapies due to its unique advantages of high penetration, non-radiation, and excellent oxidative stress effect, but has always suffered from the self-protection mechanism and apoptosis resistance characteristics of evolutionarily mutated cancer cells. Regulated cell death (RCD) has received increasing attention in precision cancer treatments because of its significant role in synergistically sensitizing apoptosis and reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment during SDT nanomedicine-triggered immunogenic cell death. Herein, paradigmatic research of RCD-augmented sonodynamic tumor immunotherapeutics are typically introduced, such as autophagy blockade, ferroptosis targeting, pyroptosis induction, necroptosis initiation, cuproptosis actuation, PANoptosis trigger, and the coordinated antitumor mechanisms are discussed in detail. Multiple analysis focusing on the currently unsolved problems and future development prospects of RCD-based SDT nano-oncology medicine are also discussed and prospected to further strengthen and expand the scope of its therapeutic applications.

Multiphasic scaffolds with tailored gradient features hold significant promise for tissue regeneration applications. Herein, this work reports the transformation of two-dimensional (2D) layered fiber mats into three-dimensional (3D) multiphasic scaffolds using a ‘solids-of-revolution‘ inspired gas-foaming expansion technology. These scaffolds feature precise control over fiber alignment, pore size, and regional structure. Manipulating nanofiber mat layers and Pluronic F127 concentrations allows further customization of pore size and fiber alignment within different scaffold regions. The cellular response to multiphasic scaffolds demonstrates that the number of cells migrated and proliferated onto the scaffolds is mainly dependent on the pore size rather than fiber alignment. In vivo subcutaneous implantation of multiphasic scaffolds to rats reveals substantial cell infiltration, neo tissue formation, collagen deposition, and new vessel formation within scaffolds, greatly surpassing the capabilities of traditional nanofiber mats. Histological examination indicates the importance of optimizing pore size and fiber alignment for the promotion of cell infiltration and tissue regeneration. Overall, these scaffolds have potential applications in tissue modeling, studying tissue-tissue interactions, interface tissue engineering, and highthroughput screening for optimized tissue regeneration.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria poses a significant challenge in the treatment of osteomyelitis, rendering traditional antibiotic treatment strategies inadequate in terms of achieving a complete cure. In recent years, triggerable biomaterial-based, antibiotic-free osteomyelitis treatment strategies have rapidly evolved, demonstrating excellent bactericidal effects. Triggerable biomaterials-based osteomyelitis theranostics encompass physical signal response strategies and host immune modulation approaches. These strategies can be effective against drug-resistant bacteria, circumventing the gradual acquisition of resistance that often accompanies traditional antibiotic treatment. Additionally, the inherent physical properties of the triggerable biomaterials facilitate the precise imaging of osteomyelitis. There is no doubt that triggerable biomaterial-mediated, antibiotic-free therapies are emerging as a trend, which is critically important in combating multidrug-resistant bacteriainduced osteomyelitis. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in osteomyelitis treatment strategies from both pathogen-directed and hostdirected perspectives. The design regimens and specific action mechanisms of triggerable biomaterial-based nanoplatforms are also clarified. Finally, we outline the challenges faced by various antibiotic-free therapies and provide an outlook on the prospects for synergistic interactions.

Electrospun scaffolds with aligned fiber orientation are widely used in tissue engineering, such as muscle, heart, nerve, tendon, and cartilage, due to their ability to guide cell morphology and induce cellular functions. However, the dense fibrous structure of the scaffolds poses a critical obstacle to engineering highly cellular and thick 3D tissues, as it prevents cell infiltration. While many techniques have been developed to increase the pore size of electrospun scaffolds and improve cell infiltration/migration, it often leads to a decrease in direct cell-cell contact, compromising cell differentiation and tissue maturation. This study presents an alternative approach by reducing the thickness of scaffolds to the cellular scale and stacking or rolling the cell-scaffold complex into 3D constructs. We devise a series of novel tools to fabricate, characterize, and manipulate ultra-thin electrospun scaffolds, which demonstrate high reproducibility, resolution, and cellularity. Our study provides a solution to the cell infiltration issue in muscle tissue engineering and is highly versatile, and can be applied to various fields that require structures with high-resolution gradients in a layered pattern or complex spatial distribution in a rolled pattern.

Photothermal lanthanide nanomaterials with unique photophysical properties have been innovatively explored for diagnostics and non-invasive therapies, and hold great promise for precision theranostics. In this review, we start from the basic principles of excited-state dynamics and provide a thorough comprehension of the main pathways for photothermal conversion in lanthanide nanocrystals. Aspects influencing the photothermal effect such as lanthanide-doping concentration, particle size, and crystal structure have been fully discussed. Hybrid strategies for the design of efficient lanthanide-based photothermal agents, including dye sensitization to break the absorption limit and semiconductor combination to add cross-relaxation pathways, have also been summarized. Furthermore, we highlight the cutting-edge applications of photothermal lanthanide nanoplatforms with optical diagnosis and temperature feedback in photothermia-associated theranostics. Lastly, the current challenges and future efforts for clinical applications are proposed. This review is expected to offer a better understanding of photothermal mechanisms and inspire efforts for designing versatile lanthanide theranostic nanoplatforms.

With high biocompatibility and degradability, polysaccharide-based hydrogels are favorable healthcare materials. However, in many biomedical applications, these materials are inconvenient to handle with fixed morphology, unable to closely match the wounds, and easy to detach due to insufficient adhesion. Inspired by the superior wet adhesive properties of marine mussels, researchers have used mussel-inspired chemistry to create mussel-mimetic injectable polysaccharide-based hydrogels that are simple to operate, controllable in shape, and highly adhesive, and have significantly extended their applications such as tissue adhesives, delivery vehicles, tissue engineering scaffolds, and wearable sensors. However, there are few comprehensive reviews on polysaccharide-based hydrogels with both mussel-mimetic adhesion and injectability, and few critical analyses of these hydrogels’ preparation methods and applications. This review fills this gap and systematically summarizes the preparation strategies for novel mussel-mimetic injectable polysaccharide-based hydrogels, including modifying polysaccharides with catechol- or pyrogallol-containing small molecules and leveraging different interactions between catechol-/pyrogallol-modified polysaccharides and other substances to form crosslinked hydrogels. Furthermore, recent biomedical applications of injectable catechol-/pyrogallol-modified polysaccharide-based hydrogels are discussed, and their future challenges and research trends are proposed.

Chronic exposure to herbicides, weedicides, and pesticides is associated with the onset and progress of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Here, we have investigated whether quinic- and chlorogenic-acidderived Carbon Quantum Dots (QACQDs and ChACQDs, respectively) protect against a (pesticide) paraquat-insult model of PD. Our results indicated that both types of CQDs intervened in the soluble-to-toxic transformation of the amyloid-forming model protein Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL). Furthermore, QACQDs and ChACQDs demonstrated antioxidant activity while remaining biocompatible in a human neuroblastoma-derived cell line (SH-SY5Y) up to 5 mg/ml and protected the cell line from the environmental neurotoxicant (paraquat). Importantly, both CQDs were found to protect dopaminergic neuronal ablation in a paraquat model of Parkinson’s disease using the nematode C. elegans. Our results are significant because both plantderived organic acids cross the blood–brain barrier, making them attractive for developing CQD architectures. Furthermore, since the synthesis of these CQDs was performed using green chemistry methods from precursor acids that cross the BBB, these engineered bionanomaterial platforms are tantalizing candidates for preventing neurodegenerative disorders associated with exposure to environmental neurotoxicants.