Cross-kingdom RNA in plant–microbe interactions: from molecular interactions to next-generation crop protection

Abstract

Cross-kingdom RNA (CK-RNA) communication is an advanced concept that enhances our understanding of inter-kingdom interactions by uncovering RNA-mediated signaling among plants, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. This review provides a detailed overview of CK-RNA mechanisms, highlighting on plant–microbe interactions. Through RNA interference (RNAi), CK-RNA allows organisms to exchange regulatory signals that influence gene expression, defense responses, metabolism, and adaptive processes across kingdoms. Furthermore, this review highlights agricultural applications of CK-RNA, including Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS), Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) and Microbe-Induced Gene Silencing (MIGS) which offer environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical management. Overall, the integration of CK-RNAs as target and MIGS as delivery method presents a promising pathway for viable, environmentally friendly crop protection that aligns with modern goals of environmental sustainability and agricultural resilience.

Keywords

Cross Kingdom RNA / Host induced gene silencing / Microbe induced gene silencing / Spray induced gene silencing / RNA Pesticides

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Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China(32402301)

Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(QNJJ202425)

Outstanding Scientist Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(JKTD2025002)

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