Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine that plays a role in both animals and plants. Popularly known as a neurotransmitter hormone in animals involved in motor control and reward sensing, it also has a defense-related function in the plant kingdom. In plants, DA functions as a redox-active metabolite, a signalling regulator, and a metabolic modulator, rather than a classical neurotransmitter. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that DA enhances tolerance to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heavy metals, nutrient imbalance, temperature extremes, and pathogen attack, by stabilizing photosynthetic machinery, optimizing root architecture, improving water and nutrient use efficiency, and activating antioxidant and detoxification systems. Mechanistically, DA operates through coordinated regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, calcium-mediated secondary messenger cascades, transcription factor activation (WRKY, ERF, NAC), and reprogramming of nutrient and ion transporter networks. DA also exhibits extensive crosstalk with phytohormones, fine-tuning growth defence trade-offs in a species and stress-specific manner. Collectively, these findings position DA as a central signalling hub integrating redox balance, metabolic plasticity, and transcriptional control in plants. Understanding the conserved structure yet divergent biosynthesis and signalling logic of DA across kingdoms provides critical insights into its distinct modes of action and highlights its potential as a next-generation regulator for enhancing plant resilience under changing environmental conditions.
| [1] |
Abdelkader AF, El-khawas S, El-sherif NASEet al. . Expression of aquaporin gene (Os PIP1-3) in salt-stressed rice ( Oryzasativa l. ) plants pre-treated with the neurotransmitter (dopamine). Plant Omics. 2012, 5: 532-541.
|
| [2] |
Abdulmajeed AM, Alharbi BM, Alharby HFet al. . Simultaneous action of silymarin and dopamine enhances defense mechanisms related to antioxidants, polyamine metabolic enzymes, and tolerance to cadmium stress in Phaseolus vulgaris. Plants. 2022, 11: 3069.
|
| [3] |
Abo-Shanab WA, Diab RH. Dopamine hydrochloride alleviates the salt-induced stress in Glycine max (L.) Merr. plant. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 2024, 243474-3490.
|
| [4] |
Aghdam MS, Asle-Mohammadi Z, Ebrahimi A, Razavi F. Exogenous dopamine application ameliorates chilling injury and preserves quality of kiwifruit during cold storage. Sci Rep. 2025, 15: 2894.
|
| [5] |
Ahammed GJ, Li X. Dopamine-induced abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural plants. Sci Hortic. 2023, 307111506.
|
| [6] |
Ahammed GJ, Wang Y, Mao Qet al. . Dopamine alleviates bisphenol A-induced phytotoxicity by enhancing antioxidant and detoxification potential in cucumber. Environ Pollut. 2020, 259113957.
|
| [7] |
Ahammed GJ, Sun S, Qu Ket al. . Hydrogen peroxide signaling mediates dopamine-induced chromium stress tolerance in tomato. Environ Pollut. 2025, 371125949.
|
| [8] |
Ahmadi Moghadam Y, Piri K, Bahramnejad B, Ghiyasvand T. Dopamine production in hairy root cultures of Portulaca oleracea (purslane) using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. J Agric Sci Technol. 2014, 16409-420
|
| [9] |
Akcay UC, Gencay R, Koc FZ. Effect of dopamine and progesterone on the physiological and molecular responses of tomato seedlings to drought and salt stress. Cogent Food Agric. 2024, 10: 2321308.
|
| [10] |
Akula R, Mukherjee S. New insights on neurotransmitters signaling mechanisms in plants. Plant Signal Behav. 2020, 151737450.
|
| [11] |
Ali AF, Hatamnia AA, Malekzadeh Pet al. . Exogenous dopamine ameliorates chilling injury in banana fruits by enhancing endogenous dopamine and glycine betaine accumulation and promoting ROS scavenging system activity. Postharvest Biol Technol. 2023, 205112521.
|
| [12] |
Anjum SA, Xie X, Wang L, Saleem MF, Man C, Lei W (2011) Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. Afr J Agric Res 6(9):2026–2032 https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR10.027
|
| [13] |
Arora D, Singh N, Bhatla SC. Calmodulin and calcium-mediated melatonin signaling mechanisms in plants. Theor Exp Plant Physiol. 2024, 36635-645.
|
| [14] |
Ayyaz A, Shahzadi AK, Fatima Set al. . Uncovering the role of melatonin in plant stress tolerance. Theor Exp Plant Physiol. 2022, 34: 335-346.
|
| [15] |
Bala K. Baluška F, Mukherjee S, Ramakrishna A. Beyond a neurotransmitter: physiological role of dopamine in plants. Neurotransmitters in plant signaling and communication. 2020, Cham, Springer International Publishing169187.
|
| [16] |
Bandurska H. Drought stress responses: coping strategy and resistance. Plants. 2022, 11: 922.
|
| [17] |
Bruno Bonnet C, Hubert O, Mbeguie-A-Mbeguie Det al. . Effect of physiological harvest stages on the composition of bioactive compounds in Cavendish bananas. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2013, 14270-278.
|
| [18] |
Burda S, Oleszek W. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem. 2001, 49: 2774-2779.
|
| [19] |
Cao Y, Du P, Yin Bet al. . Melatonin and dopamine enhance waterlogging tolerance by modulating ROS scavenging, nitrogen uptake, and the rhizosphere microbial community in Malus hupehensis. Plant Soil. 2023, 483: 475-493.
|
| [20] |
Cao Y, Du P, Zhang Jet al. . Dopamine alleviates cadmium stress in apple trees by recruiting beneficial microorganisms to enhance the physiological resilience revealed by high-throughput sequencing and soil metabolomics. Hortic Res. 2023, 10: 112.
|
| [21] |
Cao Y, Du P, Shang Yet al. . Melatonin and dopamine alleviate waterlogging stress in apples by recruiting beneficial endophytes to enhance physiological resilience. J Integr Agric. 2024, 232270-2291.
|
| [22] |
Chakraborty S, Singh A, Roychoudhury A. Extensive cross-talk among stress-regulated protective metabolites, biogenic-amines and phytohormone-signalling, co-ordinated by dopamine-mediated seed-priming, governs tolerance against fluoride stress in rice. Plant Cell Rep. 2022, 41: 2261-2278.
|
| [23] |
Chang CY, Hsieh EJ, Wang SL, Grillet L. L-DOPA promotes cadmium tolerance and modulates iron deficiency genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol Plant. 2025, 177: e70024.
|
| [24] |
Chapman N, Miller AJ, Lindsey K, Whalley WR. Roots, water, and nutrient acquisition: let’s get physical. Trends Plant Sci. 2012, 17701-710.
|
| [25] |
Choi WG, Miller G, Wallace Iet al. . Orchestrating rapid long-distance signaling in plants with Ca2+, ROS and electrical signals. Plant J. 2017, 90: 698-707.
|
| [26] |
Costa KM, Schoenbaum G. Dopamine. Curr Biol. 2022, 32: R817-R824.
|
| [27] |
Daubner SC, Le T, Wang S. Tyrosine hydroxylase and regulation of dopamine synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2011, 508: 1-12.
|
| [28] |
Detto M, Pacala SW. Plant hydraulics, stomatal control, and the response of a tropical forest to water stress over multiple temporal scales. Glob Change Biol. 2022, 28: 4359-4376.
|
| [29] |
Dimić D, Milenković D, Marković JD, Marković Z. Antiradical activity of catecholamines and metabolites of dopamine: theoretical and experimental study. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2017, 19: 12970-12980.
|
| [30] |
Ding Y, Vogel HK, Zhai Yet al. . Insights into the role of dopamine in rhizosphere microbiome assembly. Bio Rxiv. 2024, 2024: 2024-2108.
|
| [31] |
Djanaguiraman M, Prasad PVV, Al-Khatib K. Ethylene perception inhibitor 1-MCP decreases oxidative damage of leaves through enhanced antioxidant defense mechanisms in soybean plants grown under high temperature stress. Environ Exp Bot. 2011, 71: 215-223.
|
| [32] |
Dong L, Wang Y, Dong Yet al. . Sustainable production of dopamine hydrochloride from softwood lignin. Nat Commun. 2023, 14: 4996.
|
| [33] |
Du P, Cao Y, Yin Bet al. . Improved tolerance of apple plants to drought stress and nitrogen utilization by modulating the rhizosphere microbiome via melatonin and dopamine. Front Microbiol. 2022, 1327-34.
|
| [34] |
Du P, Yin B, Cao Yet al. . Beneficial effects of exogenous melatonin and dopamine on low nitrate stress in Malus hupehensis. Front Plant Sci. 2022, 12: 44-56.
|
| [35] |
Du P, Yin B, Zhou Set al. . Melatonin and dopamine mediate the regulation of nitrogen uptake and metabolism at low ammonium levels in Malus hupehensis. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2022, 171: 182-190.
|
| [36] |
Du P, Cao Y, Li Jet al. . Dopamine alleviates phloridzin toxicity in apple by modifying rhizosphere bacterial community structure and function. J Agric Food Chem. 2024, 72: 13001-13014.
|
| [37] |
Elstner EF, Konze JR, Selman BR, Stoffer C. Ethylene formation in sugar beet leaves: evidence for the involvement of 3-hydroxytyramine and phenoloxidase after wounding. Plant Physiol. 1976, 58: 163-168.
|
| [38] |
Etemadi F, Hashemi M, Randhir Ret al. . Accumulation of l-DOPA in various organs of faba bean and influence of drought, nitrogen stress, and processing methods on l-DOPA yield. Crop J. 2018, 6: 426-434.
|
| [39] |
Farouk S, El-Hady MAMA, El-Sherpiny MAet al. . Effect of dopamine on growth, some biochemical attributes, and the yield of crisphead lettuce under nitrogen deficiency. Horticulturae. 2023, 9: 945.
|
| [40] |
Fernstrom JD, Fernstrom MH. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and catecholamine synthesis and function in the brain. J Nutr. 2007, 1371539S-1547S.
|
| [41] |
Gao T, Liu X, Shan Let al. . Dopamine and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi act synergistically to promote apple growth under salt stress. Environ Exp Bot. 2020, 178: 104159.
|
| [42] |
Gao T, Zhang Z, Liu Xet al. . Physiological and transcriptome analyses of the effects of exogenous dopamine on drought tolerance in apple. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2020, 148260-272.
|
| [43] |
Gao T, Liu Y, Liu Xet al. . Exogenous dopamine and overexpression of the dopamine synthase gene MdTYDC alleviated apple replant disease. Tree Physiol. 2021, 41: 1524-1541.
|
| [44] |
Gao T, Wang Y, Liu Yet al. . Overexpression of tyrosine decarboxylase (MdTYDC) enhances drought tolerance inMalus domestica. Sci Hortic. 2021, 289: 110425.
|
| [45] |
Garcia A, Gaju O, Bowerman AFet al. . Enhancing crop yields through improvements in the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration. New Phytol. 2023, 23760-77.
|
| [46] |
Gong M, Li Z-G. Calmodulin-binding proteins from Zea mays germs. Phytochemistry. 1995, 40: 1335-1339.
|
| [47] |
Guidotti BB, Gomes BR, Siqueira-Soares RCet al. . The effects of dopamine on root growth and enzyme activity in soybean seedlings. Plant Signal Behav. 2013, 8: e25477.
|
| [48] |
He M, He Q, Ding Z (2018) Abiotic stresses: general defenses of land plants and chances for engineering multistress tolerance. Front Plant Sci 9:1771. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01771
|
| [49] |
Hornykiewicz O. Woodruff GN, Poat JA, Roberts PJ. A quarter century of brain dopamine research. Dopaminergic systems and their regulation. 1986, London, Palgrave Macmillan UK3-18.
|
| [50] |
Hornykiewicz O. Dopamine miracle: from brain homogenate to dopamine replacement. Mov Disord. 2002, 17: 501-508.
|
| [51] |
Hou Q, Ufer G, Bartels D. Lipid signalling in plant responses to abiotic stress. Plant Cell Environ. 2016, 39: 1029-1048.
|
| [52] |
Huang T, Liu G, Zhu Let al. . Mitigation of chilling injury in mango fruit by methyl jasmonate is associated with regulation of antioxidant capacity and energy homeostasis. Postharvest Biol Technol. 2024, 211: 112801.
|
| [53] |
Hussain S, Bai Z, Huang J, Cao X, Zhu L, Zhu C, Khaskheli MA, Zhong C, Jin Q, Zhang J (2019) 1-Methylcyclopropene modulates physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant responses of rice to different salt stress levels. Front Plant Sci 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00124
|
| [54] |
Ji Z, Liu Z, Han Y, Sun Y. Exogenous dopamine promotes photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism of downy mildew-infected cucumber. Sci Hortic. 2022, 295110842.
|
| [55] |
Jiao C, Lan G, Sun Yet al. . Dopamine alleviates chilling stress in watermelon seedlings via modulation of proline content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and polyamine metabolism. J Plant Growth Regul. 2021, 40277-292.
|
| [56] |
Kamo KK, Mahlberg PG. Dopamine biosynthesis at different stages of plant development in Papaver somniferum. J Nat Prod. 1984, 47: 682-686.
|
| [57] |
Kanazawa K, Sakakibara H (2000) High content of dopamine, a strong antioxidant, in Cavendish banana. J Agric Food Chem 48:844–848. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9909860
|
| [58] |
Kawahata I, Finkelstein DI, Fukunaga K. Dopamine D1–D5 receptors in brain nuclei: implications for health and disease. Receptors. 2024, 3(155): 181.
|
| [59] |
Khatun J, Intekhab A, Dhak D. Effect of uncontrolled fertilization and heavy metal toxicity associated with arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), and possible remediation. Toxicology. 2022, 477: 153274.
|
| [60] |
Kimura M. Fluorescence histochemical study on serotonin and catecholamine in some plants. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1968, 18162-168.
|
| [61] |
Kulma A, Szopa J. Catecholamines are active compounds in plants. Plant Sci. 2007, 172: 433-440.
|
| [62] |
Kutchan TM, Rush M, Coscia CJ. Subcellular localization of alkaloids and dopamine in different vacuolar compartments of Papaver bracteatum. Plant Physiol. 1986, 81: 161-166.
|
| [63] |
Lachowicz JE, Sibley DR. Molecular characteristics of mammalian dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1997, 81: 105-113.
|
| [64] |
Lan G, Jiao C, Wang Get al. . Effects of dopamine on growth, carbon metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber under nitrate stress. Sci Hortic. 2020, 260: 108790.
|
| [65] |
Lan G, Shi L, Lu Xet al. . Effects of dopamine on antioxidation, mineral nutrients, and fruit quality in cucumber under nitrate stress. J Plant Growth Regul. 2022, 412918-2929.
|
| [66] |
Li C, Sun X, Chang Cet al. . Dopamine alleviates salt-induced stress in Malus hupehensis. Physiol Plant. 2015, 153: 584-602.
|
| [67] |
Liang B, Li C, Ma Cet al. . Dopamine alleviates nutrient deficiency-induced stress in Malus hupehensis. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2017, 119: 346-359.
|
| [68] |
Liang B, Gao T, Zhao Q, Ma C, Chen Q, Wei Z, Li C, Li C, Ma F (2018) Effects of exogenous dopamine on the uptake, transport, and resorpt ion of apple ionome under moderate drought. Front Plant Sci 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00755
|
| [69] |
Liu Q, Gao T, Liu Wet al. . Functions of dopamine in plants: a review. Plant Signal Behav. 2020, 15: 1827782.
|
| [70] |
Liu X, Gao T, Zhang Zet al. . The mitigation effects of exogenous dopamine on low nitrogen stress inMalus hupehensis. J Integr Agric. 2020, 192709-2724.
|
| [71] |
Liu C, Goel P, Kaeser PS. Spatial and temporal scales of dopamine transmission. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2021, 22: 345-358.
|
| [72] |
Liu X, Yuan X, Zhang Zet al. . Dopamine Enhances the Resistance of Apple to Valsa mali Infection. Phytopath. 2022, 112: 1141-1151.
|
| [73] |
Liu Y, Liu Q, Li Xet al. . Exogenous dopamine and MdTyDC overexpression enhance apple resistance toFusarium solani. Phytopath. 2022, 112: 2503-2513.
|
| [74] |
Liu X, Li J, Cao Het al. . Dopamine regulates its own synthesis via MdORG2 to improve low-nitrogen tolerance in apple plants. Plant Cell Environ. 2025, 48: 470-488.
|
| [75] |
Marchiosi R, Soares AR, Abrahão J. Baluška F, Mukherjee S, Ramakrishna A. L-DOPA and dopamine in plant metabolism. Neurotransmitters in plant signaling and communication. 2020, Cham, Springer International Publishing141-167.
|
| [76] |
Mareri L, Parrotta L, Cai G. Environmental stress and plants. Int J Mol Sci. 2022, 23: 5416.
|
| [77] |
Marsden CA. Dopamine: the rewarding years. Br J Pharmacol. 2006, 147S136-S144.
|
| [78] |
Nagatsu T, Stjärnet L. Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, McCarty R. Catecholamine synthesis and release. Advances in pharmacology. 1997Academic Press114
|
| [79] |
Nagy L, Hiripi L. Role of tyrosine, DOPA and decarboxylase enzymes in the synthesis of monoamines in the brain of the locust. Neurochem Int. 2002, 41: 9-16.
|
| [80] |
Nazari J, Nabigol A, Rasouli M, Aghdam MS. Exogenous dopamine ameliorates chilling injury of banana fruits during cold storage. Sci Rep. 2024, 14: 25802.
|
| [81] |
Nguyen TB-A, Lefoulon C, Nguyen T-Het al. . Engineering stomata for enhanced carbon capture and water-use efficiency. Trends Plant Sci. 2023, 281290-1309.
|
| [82] |
Nieoullon A. Dopamine and the regulation of cognition and attention. Prog Neurobiol. 2002, 67: 53-83.
|
| [83] |
Özçete ÖD, Banerjee A, Kaeser PS. Mechanisms of neuromodulatory volume transmission. Mol Psychiatry. 2024, 29: 3680-3693.
|
| [84] |
Pontes CVS, Prestes LR, Vieira Neto AFet al. . Single and combined applications of dopamine and 24-epibrassinolide in soybean seedlings under water deficiency: tolerance mechanisms essential to inhibit deleterious effects. Plant Biosyst - Int J Deal Asp Plant Biol. 2024, 158: 1347-1357.
|
| [85] |
Prestes LR, da Silva MMS, da Silva SGAet al. . Dopamine and 24-epibrassinolide upregulate root resilience, mitigating lead stress on leaf tissue and stomatal performance in tomato plants. Agronomy. 2025, 15: 239.
|
| [86] |
Rajnák C, Imrich R, Štofko Jet al. . Molecular properties of monoaminergic catecholamines in water. ACS Omega. 2024, 936086-36098.
|
| [87] |
Sharafi S, Salehi F. Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal (HMs) contamination and associated health risks in agricultural soils and groundwater proximal to industrial sites. Sci Rep. 2025, 15: 7518.
|
| [88] |
Sharma A, Kumar V, Shahzad Bet al. . Photosynthetic response of plants under different abiotic stresses: a review. J Plant Growth Regul. 2020, 39509-531.
|
| [89] |
Skirycz A, Świędrych A, Szopa J. Expression of human dopamine receptor in potato (Solanum tuberosum) results in altered tuber carbon metabolism. BMC Plant Biol. 2005, 5: 1.
|
| [90] |
Smolyaninov I, Pitikova O, Korchagina Eet al. . Electrochemical behavior and anti/prooxidant activity of thioethers with redox-active catechol moiety. Monatshefte Für Chem - Chem Mon. 2018, 1491813-1826.
|
| [91] |
Soares AR, Ferrarese Mde L, Siqueira Rde C, Böhm FM, Ferrarese-Filho O (2007) l-DOPA increases lignification associated with glycine max root growth-inhibition. J Chem Ecol 33:265–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9227-4
|
| [92] |
Srivastava D, Tiwari M, Dutta Pet al. . Chromium stress in plants: toxicity, tolerance and phytoremediation. Sustainability. 2021, 13: 4629.
|
| [93] |
Steelink C, Yeung M, Caldwell RL. Phenolic constituents of healthy and wound tissues in the giant cactus (Carnegieagigantea). Phytochemistry. 1967, 61435-1440.
|
| [94] |
Świędrych A, Lorenc-Kukuła K, Skirycz A, Szopa J. The catecholamine biosynthesis route in potato is affected by stress. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2004, 42: 593-600.
|
| [95] |
Tanveer M, Shahzad B, Sharma A, Khan EA. 24-Epibrassinolide application in plants: an implication for improving drought stress tolerance in plants. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2019, 135: 295-303.
|
| [96] |
Teshome T, Zharare E, Naidoo S (2020) The threat of the combined eff ect of biotic and abiotic stress factors in forestry under a changing climate. Front Plant Sci 11:601009. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.601009
|
| [97] |
Tuteja N, Mahajan S. Calcium signaling network in plants: an overview. Plant Signal Behav. 2007, 2: 79-85.
|
| [98] |
Udenfriend S, Lovenberg W, Sjoerdsma A. Physiologically active amines in common fruits and vegetables. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959, 85: 487-490.
|
| [99] |
Vaziriyeganeh M, Khan S, Zwiazek JJ (2021) Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal potential salt tolerance mechanisms contributing to maintenance of water balance by the halophytic grass Puccinellia nuttalliana. Front Plant Sci 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.760863
|
| [100] |
Waalkes TP, Sjoerdsma A, Creveling CRet al. . Serotonin, norepinephrine, and related compounds in bananas. Science. 1958, 127: 648-650.
|
| [101] |
Wakamatsu K, Nakao K, Tanaka Het al. . The oxidative pathway to dopamine–protein conjugates and their pro-oxidant activities: implications for the neurodegeneration of parkinson’s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2019, 20: 2575.
|
| [102] |
Wang Y, Chen Q, Zheng Jet al. . Overexpression of the tyrosine decarboxylase gene MdTyDC in apple enhances long-term moderate drought tolerance and WUE. Plant Sci. 2021, 313111064.
|
| [103] |
Wang W, Yang Y, Ma Xet al. . New insight into the function of dopamine during Cd stress in duckweed ( Lemna turionifera 5511). Plants. 2023, 121996.
|
| [104] |
Yanosky TM. (2005) Principles of soil and plant water relations. J Environ Qual 34:1452–1453. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0006br
|
| [105] |
Yen G-C, Hsieh C-L. Antioxidant effects of dopamine and related compounds. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997, 611646-1649.
|
| [106] |
Yeragani VK, Tancer M, Chokka P, Baker GB. Arvid Carlsson, and the story of dopamine. Indian J Psychiatry. 2010, 52: 87.
|
| [107] |
Yildirim E, Ekinci M, Turan Met al. . Exogenous dopamine mitigates the effects of salinity stress in tomato seedlings by alleviating the oxidative stress and regulating phytohormones. Acta Physiol Plant. 2024, 4659.
|
| [108] |
Yu X, Zhang W, Zhang Yet al. . The roles of methyl jasmonate to stress in plants. Funct Plant Biol. 2018, 46197-212.
|
| [109] |
Zhang Z, Guo J, Yang Cet al. . Exogenous dopamine delays the senescence of detached Malus hupehensis leaves by reducing phytohormone signalling and sugar degradation. Sci Hortic. 2023, 319112151.
|
| [110] |
Zhang Z, Tang Z, Jing Get al. . Dopamine confers cadmium tolerance in apples by improving growth, reducing reactive oxygen species, and changing secondary metabolite levels. Environ Exp Bot. 2023, 208105264.
|
| [111] |
Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Yet al. . Exogenous dopamine improves resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by increasing autophagy activity in pear. Plant Sci. 2023, 329111603.
|
| [112] |
Zhang W, Zhu Y, Peng Tet al. . Integrated transcriptomics, metabolomics and physiological analyses reveal the regulatory mechanism of dopamine in Nicotiana tabacum response to cadmium stress. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2025, 224109915.
|
| [113] |
Zhou R (2025) Physiological and molecular mechanisms of exogenous dopamine regulating grape plants response to low temperature stress. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5263091
|
Funding
National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management(723503)
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
The Author(s)
PDF
